Optimality of Staircase Mechanisms for Vector Queries under Differential Privacy

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Melbourne, James, Diaz, Mario, Asoodeh, Shahab
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Melbourne, James
Diaz, Mario
Asoodeh, Shahab
author_facet Melbourne, James
Diaz, Mario
Asoodeh, Shahab
contents We study the optimal design of additive mechanisms for vector-valued queries under $ε$-differential privacy (DP). Given only the sensitivity of a query and a norm-monotone cost function measuring utility loss, we ask which noise distribution minimizes expected cost among all additive $ε$-DP mechanisms. Using convex rearrangement theory, we show that this infinite-dimensional optimization problem admits a reduction to a one-dimensional compact and convex family of radially symmetric distributions whose extreme points are the staircase distributions. As a consequence, we prove that for any dimension, any norm, and any norm-monotone cost function, there exists an $ε$-DP staircase mechanism that is optimal among all additive mechanisms. This result resolves a conjecture of Geng, Kairouz, Oh, and Viswanath, and provides a geometric explanation for the emergence of staircase mechanisms as extremal solutions in differential privacy.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_14597
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Optimality of Staircase Mechanisms for Vector Queries under Differential Privacy
Melbourne, James
Diaz, Mario
Asoodeh, Shahab
Information Theory
Artificial Intelligence
Cryptography and Security
Machine Learning
We study the optimal design of additive mechanisms for vector-valued queries under $ε$-differential privacy (DP). Given only the sensitivity of a query and a norm-monotone cost function measuring utility loss, we ask which noise distribution minimizes expected cost among all additive $ε$-DP mechanisms. Using convex rearrangement theory, we show that this infinite-dimensional optimization problem admits a reduction to a one-dimensional compact and convex family of radially symmetric distributions whose extreme points are the staircase distributions. As a consequence, we prove that for any dimension, any norm, and any norm-monotone cost function, there exists an $ε$-DP staircase mechanism that is optimal among all additive mechanisms. This result resolves a conjecture of Geng, Kairouz, Oh, and Viswanath, and provides a geometric explanation for the emergence of staircase mechanisms as extremal solutions in differential privacy.
title Optimality of Staircase Mechanisms for Vector Queries under Differential Privacy
topic Information Theory
Artificial Intelligence
Cryptography and Security
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14597