Triggers for plasma detachment bifurcation in the edge divertor region of tokamaks

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Hauptverfasser: Zhao, Menglong, Rognlien, Thomas, Zhu, Ben, Scotti, Filippo, Ma, Xinxing, McLean, Adam
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Zhao, Menglong
Rognlien, Thomas
Zhu, Ben
Scotti, Filippo
Ma, Xinxing
McLean, Adam
author_facet Zhao, Menglong
Rognlien, Thomas
Zhu, Ben
Scotti, Filippo
Ma, Xinxing
McLean, Adam
contents We report the discovery of the trigger for detachment bifurcation phenomenon in tokamak divertors, revealed through steady-state and time-dependent UEDGE simulations: The observed electron temperature cliff at the outer target in DIII-D H-mode plasmas with ion $B\times \nabla B$ drift driven into the active divertor results from a bifurcation-induced $T_e$ drop above the X-point accompanied by reversal of the $E\times B$ flow pattern in the private flux region. Time-dependent simulations reveal a two-phase transition mechanism: the high-field-side radiation front first extends across the last closed flux surface and stabilizes above the X-point, causing local $T_e$ to drop from $\sim 70\,\mathrm{eV}$ to $\sim 10\,\mathrm{eV}$ and inducing $E\times B$ flow reversal in a thin layer below the X-point, which lasts $< 0.5\,\mathrm{ms}$; Flow reversal below the X-point subsequently triggers the sharp drop in outer target temperature on a timescale of $1-2\,\mathrm{ms}$, establishing deep detachment a few ms thereafter. A bifurcation transition occurs when the high-field-side radiation front crosses the separatrix while the outer divertor remains attached, with the $T_e$ cliff manifesting distinctly when the outer target $T_e \gtrsim 10\,\mathrm{eV}$ prior to the bifurcation. These results demonstrate that the bifurcation is linked to in-out divertor asymmetry and asymmetric radiation front evolution.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_14749
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Triggers for plasma detachment bifurcation in the edge divertor region of tokamaks
Zhao, Menglong
Rognlien, Thomas
Zhu, Ben
Scotti, Filippo
Ma, Xinxing
McLean, Adam
Plasma Physics
We report the discovery of the trigger for detachment bifurcation phenomenon in tokamak divertors, revealed through steady-state and time-dependent UEDGE simulations: The observed electron temperature cliff at the outer target in DIII-D H-mode plasmas with ion $B\times \nabla B$ drift driven into the active divertor results from a bifurcation-induced $T_e$ drop above the X-point accompanied by reversal of the $E\times B$ flow pattern in the private flux region. Time-dependent simulations reveal a two-phase transition mechanism: the high-field-side radiation front first extends across the last closed flux surface and stabilizes above the X-point, causing local $T_e$ to drop from $\sim 70\,\mathrm{eV}$ to $\sim 10\,\mathrm{eV}$ and inducing $E\times B$ flow reversal in a thin layer below the X-point, which lasts $< 0.5\,\mathrm{ms}$; Flow reversal below the X-point subsequently triggers the sharp drop in outer target temperature on a timescale of $1-2\,\mathrm{ms}$, establishing deep detachment a few ms thereafter. A bifurcation transition occurs when the high-field-side radiation front crosses the separatrix while the outer divertor remains attached, with the $T_e$ cliff manifesting distinctly when the outer target $T_e \gtrsim 10\,\mathrm{eV}$ prior to the bifurcation. These results demonstrate that the bifurcation is linked to in-out divertor asymmetry and asymmetric radiation front evolution.
title Triggers for plasma detachment bifurcation in the edge divertor region of tokamaks
topic Plasma Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14749