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Main Authors: Shah, Syed Luqman, Mahmood, Nurul Huda, Atzeni, Italo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14759
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author Shah, Syed Luqman
Mahmood, Nurul Huda
Atzeni, Italo
author_facet Shah, Syed Luqman
Mahmood, Nurul Huda
Atzeni, Italo
contents Accurate channel estimation with low pilot overhead and computational complexity is key to efficiently utilizing multi-antenna wireless systems. Motivated by the evolution from purely statistical descriptions toward physics- and geometry-aware propagation models, this work focuses on incorporating channel information into a Gaussian process regression (GPR) framework for improving the channel estimation accuracy. In this work, we propose a GPR-based channel estimation framework along with a novel Spatial-correlation (SC) kernel that explicitly captures the channel's second-order statistics. We derive a closed-form expression of the proposed SC-based GPR estimator and prove that its posterior mean is optimal in terms of minimum mean-square error (MMSE) under the same second-order statistics, without requiring the underlying channel distribution to be Gaussian. Our analysis reveals that, with up to 50% pilot overhead reduction, the proposed method achieves the lowest normalized mean-square error, the highest empirical 95% credible-interval coverage, and superior preservation of spectral efficiency compared to benchmark estimators, while maintaining lower computational complexity than the conventional MMSE estimator.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_14759
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Improved GPR-Based CSI Acquisition via Spatial-Correlation Kernel
Shah, Syed Luqman
Mahmood, Nurul Huda
Atzeni, Italo
Signal Processing
Accurate channel estimation with low pilot overhead and computational complexity is key to efficiently utilizing multi-antenna wireless systems. Motivated by the evolution from purely statistical descriptions toward physics- and geometry-aware propagation models, this work focuses on incorporating channel information into a Gaussian process regression (GPR) framework for improving the channel estimation accuracy. In this work, we propose a GPR-based channel estimation framework along with a novel Spatial-correlation (SC) kernel that explicitly captures the channel's second-order statistics. We derive a closed-form expression of the proposed SC-based GPR estimator and prove that its posterior mean is optimal in terms of minimum mean-square error (MMSE) under the same second-order statistics, without requiring the underlying channel distribution to be Gaussian. Our analysis reveals that, with up to 50% pilot overhead reduction, the proposed method achieves the lowest normalized mean-square error, the highest empirical 95% credible-interval coverage, and superior preservation of spectral efficiency compared to benchmark estimators, while maintaining lower computational complexity than the conventional MMSE estimator.
title Improved GPR-Based CSI Acquisition via Spatial-Correlation Kernel
topic Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14759