5G NR Non-Terrestrial Networks: Open Challenges for Full-Stack Protocol Design
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| Soggetti: | |
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| _version_ | 1866912841589587968 |
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| author | Rossato, Francesco Figaro, Mattia Traspadini, Alessandro Shimizu, Takayuki Mahabal, Chinmay Herath, Sanjeewa Lee, Chunghan Pekcan, Dogan Kutay Zorzi, Michele Giordani, Marco |
| author_facet | Rossato, Francesco Figaro, Mattia Traspadini, Alessandro Shimizu, Takayuki Mahabal, Chinmay Herath, Sanjeewa Lee, Chunghan Pekcan, Dogan Kutay Zorzi, Michele Giordani, Marco |
| contents | As 5th generation (5G) networks continue to evolve, there is a growing interest toward the integration of Terrestrial Networks (TNs) and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs). Specifically, NTNs leverage space/air base stations such as satellites, High Altitude Platforms (HAPs), and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for expanding wireless coverage to underserved rural/remote areas, supporting emergency communications, and offloading traffic in highly congested urban environments. In this paper we focus on the 3GPP 5G NR-NTN standard in the context of satellite communication networks, and highlight critical challenges that must be addressed for proper full-stack protocol design, with considerations related to the PHY, MAC, and higher layers. We also present simulation results in ns-3 to demonstrate the impact of some of these challenges on the network, as an initial step toward more advanced standardization activities on 3GPP 5G NR-NTN. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_14883 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | 5G NR Non-Terrestrial Networks: Open Challenges for Full-Stack Protocol Design Rossato, Francesco Figaro, Mattia Traspadini, Alessandro Shimizu, Takayuki Mahabal, Chinmay Herath, Sanjeewa Lee, Chunghan Pekcan, Dogan Kutay Zorzi, Michele Giordani, Marco Networking and Internet Architecture Emerging Technologies As 5th generation (5G) networks continue to evolve, there is a growing interest toward the integration of Terrestrial Networks (TNs) and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs). Specifically, NTNs leverage space/air base stations such as satellites, High Altitude Platforms (HAPs), and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for expanding wireless coverage to underserved rural/remote areas, supporting emergency communications, and offloading traffic in highly congested urban environments. In this paper we focus on the 3GPP 5G NR-NTN standard in the context of satellite communication networks, and highlight critical challenges that must be addressed for proper full-stack protocol design, with considerations related to the PHY, MAC, and higher layers. We also present simulation results in ns-3 to demonstrate the impact of some of these challenges on the network, as an initial step toward more advanced standardization activities on 3GPP 5G NR-NTN. |
| title | 5G NR Non-Terrestrial Networks: Open Challenges for Full-Stack Protocol Design |
| topic | Networking and Internet Architecture Emerging Technologies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14883 |