The relativistic restricted three-body problem: geometry and motion around tidally perturbed black holes

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Katagiri, Takuya, Cardoso, Vitor
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Katagiri, Takuya
Cardoso, Vitor
author_facet Katagiri, Takuya
Cardoso, Vitor
contents We investigate the geometry of a tidally deformed, rotating black hole and timelike geodesics in its vicinity. Our framework provides a local picture of the structural evolution of a relativistic restricted three-body problem around a deformed black hole in an adiabatically evolving binary, motivated by various astrophysical settings including disk dynamics and extreme mass-ratio inspirals. As the tidal-field strength is increased, initially regular, bound geodesics undergo four stages: (i) weak chaos emerges within the bound motion; (ii) a subset of trajectories plunges into the black hole; (iii) a fraction of the remaining trajectories becomes unbound; and (iv) no bound trajectories persist. We provide semi-analytic estimates for the critical tidal amplitudes associated with each transition. Our estimates, within the idealized test-particle description, indicate that, within the frequency band of ground-based gravitational-wave detectors, the matter flow around black holes may already be depleted, whereas LISA and (B-)DECIGO could probe the earlier stages. Our results suggest that an object orbiting a tidally deformed massive black hole may remain near resonances in a long term, indicating an accumulated, non-negligible impact on the gravitational-wave phase. Another finding is that tidal perturbations can modulate nonlinear couplings among epicyclic oscillations of geodesics, and could therefore, in principle, affect resonant excitation mechanism potentially relevant to quasi-periodic oscillations in X-ray light curves from accreting black holes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_14979
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The relativistic restricted three-body problem: geometry and motion around tidally perturbed black holes
Katagiri, Takuya
Cardoso, Vitor
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Astrophysics of Galaxies
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
We investigate the geometry of a tidally deformed, rotating black hole and timelike geodesics in its vicinity. Our framework provides a local picture of the structural evolution of a relativistic restricted three-body problem around a deformed black hole in an adiabatically evolving binary, motivated by various astrophysical settings including disk dynamics and extreme mass-ratio inspirals. As the tidal-field strength is increased, initially regular, bound geodesics undergo four stages: (i) weak chaos emerges within the bound motion; (ii) a subset of trajectories plunges into the black hole; (iii) a fraction of the remaining trajectories becomes unbound; and (iv) no bound trajectories persist. We provide semi-analytic estimates for the critical tidal amplitudes associated with each transition. Our estimates, within the idealized test-particle description, indicate that, within the frequency band of ground-based gravitational-wave detectors, the matter flow around black holes may already be depleted, whereas LISA and (B-)DECIGO could probe the earlier stages. Our results suggest that an object orbiting a tidally deformed massive black hole may remain near resonances in a long term, indicating an accumulated, non-negligible impact on the gravitational-wave phase. Another finding is that tidal perturbations can modulate nonlinear couplings among epicyclic oscillations of geodesics, and could therefore, in principle, affect resonant excitation mechanism potentially relevant to quasi-periodic oscillations in X-ray light curves from accreting black holes.
title The relativistic restricted three-body problem: geometry and motion around tidally perturbed black holes
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Astrophysics of Galaxies
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14979