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Main Authors: De Terán, Fernando, Dopico, Froilán M.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15033
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author De Terán, Fernando
Dopico, Froilán M.
author_facet De Terán, Fernando
Dopico, Froilán M.
contents We obtain the generic real Jordan canonical forms for $n\times n$ matrices with real entries. More precisely, we prove that the set of $n\times n$ real matrices is the union of the closures of $\lfloor n/2\rfloor+1$ sets, which are called generic bundles, as they are particular "bundles". In general, a bundle is the set of $n\times n$ real matrices with the same real Jordan canonical form, up to the values of the eigenvalues, provided that the eigenvalues which are distinct in one matrix of the bundle remain distinct in any other matrix of the same bundle. The $k$th generic bundle, for $0\leq k\leq\lfloor n/2\rfloor$, contains the $n\times n$ real matrices having $k$ different pairs of non-real conjugate eigenvalues and $n-2k$ different real eigenvalues. We prove that each of the $\lfloor n/2\rfloor+1$ generic bundles is an open subset of the set of $n\times n$ real matrices. Some numerical experiments are carried out with large sets of random matrices of different sizes to confirm that all the generic bundles show up, and only these ones.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_15033
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Generic real Jordan canonical forms
De Terán, Fernando
Dopico, Froilán M.
Spectral Theory
15A18, 15A20, 15A21, 15B52, 65F15
We obtain the generic real Jordan canonical forms for $n\times n$ matrices with real entries. More precisely, we prove that the set of $n\times n$ real matrices is the union of the closures of $\lfloor n/2\rfloor+1$ sets, which are called generic bundles, as they are particular "bundles". In general, a bundle is the set of $n\times n$ real matrices with the same real Jordan canonical form, up to the values of the eigenvalues, provided that the eigenvalues which are distinct in one matrix of the bundle remain distinct in any other matrix of the same bundle. The $k$th generic bundle, for $0\leq k\leq\lfloor n/2\rfloor$, contains the $n\times n$ real matrices having $k$ different pairs of non-real conjugate eigenvalues and $n-2k$ different real eigenvalues. We prove that each of the $\lfloor n/2\rfloor+1$ generic bundles is an open subset of the set of $n\times n$ real matrices. Some numerical experiments are carried out with large sets of random matrices of different sizes to confirm that all the generic bundles show up, and only these ones.
title Generic real Jordan canonical forms
topic Spectral Theory
15A18, 15A20, 15A21, 15B52, 65F15
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15033