VegaChat: A Robust Framework for LLM-Based Chart Generation and Assessment
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866908780572180480 |
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| author | Hostnik, Marko Kurbanov, Rauf Sokolov, Yaroslav Trofimov, Artem |
| author_facet | Hostnik, Marko Kurbanov, Rauf Sokolov, Yaroslav Trofimov, Artem |
| contents | Natural-language-to-visualization (NL2VIS) systems based on large language models (LLMs) have substantially improved the accessibility of data visualization. However, their further adoption is hindered by two coupled challenges: (i) the absence of standardized evaluation metrics makes it difficult to assess progress in the field and compare different approaches; and (ii) natural language descriptions are inherently underspecified, so multiple visualizations may be valid for the same query. To address these issues, we introduce VegaChat, a framework for generating, validating, and assessing declarative visualizations from natural language.
We propose two complementary metrics: Spec Score, a deterministic metric that measures specification-level similarity without invoking an LLM, and Vision Score, a library-agnostic, image-based metric that leverages a multimodal LLM to assess chart similarity and prompt compliance.
We evaluate VegaChat on the NLV Corpus and on the annotated subset of ChartLLM. VegaChat achieves near-zero rates of invalid or empty visualizations, while Spec Score and Vision Score exhibit strong correlation with human judgments (Pearson 0.65 and 0.71, respectively), indicating that the proposed metrics support consistent, cross-library comparison.
The code and evaluation artifacts are available at https://zenodo.org/records/17062309. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_15385 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | VegaChat: A Robust Framework for LLM-Based Chart Generation and Assessment Hostnik, Marko Kurbanov, Rauf Sokolov, Yaroslav Trofimov, Artem Human-Computer Interaction Computation and Language Natural-language-to-visualization (NL2VIS) systems based on large language models (LLMs) have substantially improved the accessibility of data visualization. However, their further adoption is hindered by two coupled challenges: (i) the absence of standardized evaluation metrics makes it difficult to assess progress in the field and compare different approaches; and (ii) natural language descriptions are inherently underspecified, so multiple visualizations may be valid for the same query. To address these issues, we introduce VegaChat, a framework for generating, validating, and assessing declarative visualizations from natural language. We propose two complementary metrics: Spec Score, a deterministic metric that measures specification-level similarity without invoking an LLM, and Vision Score, a library-agnostic, image-based metric that leverages a multimodal LLM to assess chart similarity and prompt compliance. We evaluate VegaChat on the NLV Corpus and on the annotated subset of ChartLLM. VegaChat achieves near-zero rates of invalid or empty visualizations, while Spec Score and Vision Score exhibit strong correlation with human judgments (Pearson 0.65 and 0.71, respectively), indicating that the proposed metrics support consistent, cross-library comparison. The code and evaluation artifacts are available at https://zenodo.org/records/17062309. |
| title | VegaChat: A Robust Framework for LLM-Based Chart Generation and Assessment |
| topic | Human-Computer Interaction Computation and Language |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15385 |