Gravitational equal-area law and critical phenomena of cuspy black hole shadow
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866918299559788544 |
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| author | Wei, Shao-Wen Wang, Chao-Hui Zhang, Yu-Peng Liu, Yu-Xiao Mann, Robert B. |
| author_facet | Wei, Shao-Wen Wang, Chao-Hui Zhang, Yu-Peng Liu, Yu-Xiao Mann, Robert B. |
| contents | The formation of a cusp on a black hole shadow is a striking signature of physics beyond the Kerr paradigm. We demonstrate that this morphological change fundamentally alters the shadow's topology with the topological charge flipping from 1 to -1. To analyze this topological transition, we introduce a gravitational equal-area law, analogous to Maxwell's construction in thermodynamics, and identify a critical point for cusp formation. Near this point, we uncover universal behavior characterized by a critical exponent 1/2, which places this gravitational lensing system within the mean-field universality class. These results establish a new framework for testing fundamental physics of black hole shadows, reframing the search for deviations from general relativity as a targeted hunt for a distinct topological and critical phenomenon. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_15612 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Gravitational equal-area law and critical phenomena of cuspy black hole shadow Wei, Shao-Wen Wang, Chao-Hui Zhang, Yu-Peng Liu, Yu-Xiao Mann, Robert B. General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Theory The formation of a cusp on a black hole shadow is a striking signature of physics beyond the Kerr paradigm. We demonstrate that this morphological change fundamentally alters the shadow's topology with the topological charge flipping from 1 to -1. To analyze this topological transition, we introduce a gravitational equal-area law, analogous to Maxwell's construction in thermodynamics, and identify a critical point for cusp formation. Near this point, we uncover universal behavior characterized by a critical exponent 1/2, which places this gravitational lensing system within the mean-field universality class. These results establish a new framework for testing fundamental physics of black hole shadows, reframing the search for deviations from general relativity as a targeted hunt for a distinct topological and critical phenomenon. |
| title | Gravitational equal-area law and critical phenomena of cuspy black hole shadow |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15612 |