Explainable deep-learning detection of microplastic fibers via polarization-resolved holographic microscopy
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Appel, Jan Valentino, Marika Miccio, Lisa Bianco, Vittorio Mossotti, Raffaella Fontana, Giulia Dalla Ježek, Miroslav Ferraro, Pietro Běhal, Jaromír |
| author_facet | Appel, Jan Valentino, Marika Miccio, Lisa Bianco, Vittorio Mossotti, Raffaella Fontana, Giulia Dalla Ježek, Miroslav Ferraro, Pietro Běhal, Jaromír |
| contents | Reliable identification of microplastic fibers is crucial for environmental monitoring but remains analytically challenging. We report an explainable deep-learning framework for classifying microplastic and natural microfibers using polarization-resolved digital holographic microscopy. From multiplexed holograms, the complex Jones matrix of each fiber was reconstructed to extract polarization eigen-parameters describing optical anisotropy. Statistical descriptors of nine polarization characteristics formed a 72-dimensional feature vector for a total of 296 fibers spanning six material classes, including polyamide 6, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide 6.6, polypropylene, cotton and wool. The designed fully connected deep neural network achieved an accuracy of 96.7 % on the validation data, surpassing that of common machine-learning classifiers. Explainable artificial intelligence analysis with Shapley additive explanations identified eigenvalue-ratio quantities as dominant predictors, revealing the physical basis for classification. An additional reduced-feature model with the preserved architecture exploiting only these most significant eigenvalue-based characteristics retained high accuracy (93.3 %), thereby confirming their dominant role while still outperforming common machine-learning classifiers. These results establish polarization-based features as distinctive optical fingerprints and demonstrate the first explainable deep-learning approach for automated microplastic fiber identification. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_15769 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Explainable deep-learning detection of microplastic fibers via polarization-resolved holographic microscopy Appel, Jan Valentino, Marika Miccio, Lisa Bianco, Vittorio Mossotti, Raffaella Fontana, Giulia Dalla Ježek, Miroslav Ferraro, Pietro Běhal, Jaromír Optics Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability Reliable identification of microplastic fibers is crucial for environmental monitoring but remains analytically challenging. We report an explainable deep-learning framework for classifying microplastic and natural microfibers using polarization-resolved digital holographic microscopy. From multiplexed holograms, the complex Jones matrix of each fiber was reconstructed to extract polarization eigen-parameters describing optical anisotropy. Statistical descriptors of nine polarization characteristics formed a 72-dimensional feature vector for a total of 296 fibers spanning six material classes, including polyamide 6, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide 6.6, polypropylene, cotton and wool. The designed fully connected deep neural network achieved an accuracy of 96.7 % on the validation data, surpassing that of common machine-learning classifiers. Explainable artificial intelligence analysis with Shapley additive explanations identified eigenvalue-ratio quantities as dominant predictors, revealing the physical basis for classification. An additional reduced-feature model with the preserved architecture exploiting only these most significant eigenvalue-based characteristics retained high accuracy (93.3 %), thereby confirming their dominant role while still outperforming common machine-learning classifiers. These results establish polarization-based features as distinctive optical fingerprints and demonstrate the first explainable deep-learning approach for automated microplastic fiber identification. |
| title | Explainable deep-learning detection of microplastic fibers via polarization-resolved holographic microscopy |
| topic | Optics Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15769 |