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Large-scale real-time signal processing in physics experiments: The ALICE TPC FPGA pipeline

Fuente: arXiv

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Autori principali:	Alme, J., Alt, T., Andrei, C., Anguelov, V., Appelshäuser, H., Arslandok, M., Averbeck, R., Ball, M., Barnaföldi, G. G., Becht, P., Bellwied, R., Berdnikova, A., Blidaru, B., Boldizsár, L., Bratrud, L., Braun-Munzinger, P., Bregant, M., Britton, C. L., Büsching, H., Caines, H., Chatzidaki, P., Christiansen, P., Cormier, T. M., Döpper, L., Ehlers, R., Fabbietti, L., Flor, F., Gaardhøje, J. J., Munhoz, M. G., Garabatos, C., Gasik, P., Gera, Á., Glässel, P., Grünwald, N., Gündem, T., Gunji, T., Hamagaki, H., Harris, J. W., Hauer, P., Hellbär, E., Helstrup, H., Herghelegiu, A., Herrera, H. D. Hernandez, Hou, Y., Hughes, C., Ivanov, M., Jäger, J., Ji, Y., Jung, J., Jung, M., Ketzer, B., Kirsch, S., Kleiner, M., Knospe, A. G., Korwieser, M., Kowalski, M., Lautner, L., Lesch, M., Lippmann, C., Mantzaridis, G., Majka, R. D., Marin, A., Markert, C., Masciocchi, S., Matyja, A., Meres, M., Mihaylov, D. L., Miśkowiec, D., Munzer, R. H., Murakami, H., Münning, K., Nassirpour, A., Nattrass, C., Nielsen, B. S., Noije, W. A. V., Da Silva, A. C. Oliveira, Oskarsson, A., Oyama, K., Österman, L., Pachmayer, Y., Paić, G., Petris, M., Petrovici, M., Planinic, M., Rasson, J., Read, K. F., Rehman, A., Renfordt, R., Riedel, A., Røed, K., Röhrich, D., Rubio, E., Rusu, A., Sadhu, S., Sanches, B. C. S., Schambach, J., Schmah, A., Schmidt, C., Schmier, A., Schweda, K., Sekihata, D., Silvermyr, D., Sitar, B., Smirnov, N., Soltveit, H. K., Sonnabend, C., Sorensen, S. P., Stachel, J., Šerkšnytė, L., Tambave, G., Ullaland, K., Ulukutlu, B., Varga, D., Rueda, O. Vazquez, Voss, B., Wiechula, J., Windelband, B., Wilkinson, J., Witte, J., Yadav, A., Zanone, F., Zhu, S.
Natura:	Preprint
Pubblicazione:	2026
Soggetti:	Instrumentation and Detectors
Accesso online:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Alme, J. Alt, T. Andrei, C. Anguelov, V. Appelshäuser, H. Arslandok, M. Averbeck, R. Ball, M. Barnaföldi, G. G. Becht, P. Bellwied, R. Berdnikova, A. Blidaru, B. Boldizsár, L. Bratrud, L. Braun-Munzinger, P. Bregant, M. Britton, C. L. Büsching, H. Caines, H. Chatzidaki, P. Christiansen, P. Cormier, T. M. Döpper, L. Ehlers, R. Fabbietti, L. Flor, F. Gaardhøje, J. J. Munhoz, M. G. Garabatos, C. Gasik, P. Gera, Á. Glässel, P. Grünwald, N. Gündem, T. Gunji, T. Hamagaki, H. Harris, J. W. Hauer, P. Hellbär, E. Helstrup, H. Herghelegiu, A. Herrera, H. D. Hernandez Hou, Y. Hughes, C. Ivanov, M. Jäger, J. Ji, Y. Jung, J. Jung, M. Ketzer, B. Kirsch, S. Kleiner, M. Knospe, A. G. Korwieser, M. Kowalski, M. Lautner, L. Lesch, M. Lippmann, C. Mantzaridis, G. Majka, R. D. Marin, A. Markert, C. Masciocchi, S. Matyja, A. Meres, M. Mihaylov, D. L. Miśkowiec, D. Munzer, R. H. Murakami, H. Münning, K. Nassirpour, A. Nattrass, C. Nielsen, B. S. Noije, W. A. V. Da Silva, A. C. Oliveira Oskarsson, A. Oyama, K. Österman, L. Pachmayer, Y. Paić, G. Petris, M. Petrovici, M. Planinic, M. Rasson, J. Read, K. F. Rehman, A. Renfordt, R. Riedel, A. Røed, K. Röhrich, D. Rubio, E. Rusu, A. Sadhu, S. Sanches, B. C. S. Schambach, J. Schmah, A. Schmidt, C. Schmier, A. Schweda, K. Sekihata, D. Silvermyr, D. Sitar, B. Smirnov, N. Soltveit, H. K. Sonnabend, C. Sorensen, S. P. Stachel, J. Šerkšnytė, L. Tambave, G. Ullaland, K. Ulukutlu, B. Varga, D. Rueda, O. Vazquez Voss, B. Wiechula, J. Windelband, B. Wilkinson, J. Witte, J. Yadav, A. Zanone, F. Zhu, S.
author_facet	Alme, J. Alt, T. Andrei, C. Anguelov, V. Appelshäuser, H. Arslandok, M. Averbeck, R. Ball, M. Barnaföldi, G. G. Becht, P. Bellwied, R. Berdnikova, A. Blidaru, B. Boldizsár, L. Bratrud, L. Braun-Munzinger, P. Bregant, M. Britton, C. L. Büsching, H. Caines, H. Chatzidaki, P. Christiansen, P. Cormier, T. M. Döpper, L. Ehlers, R. Fabbietti, L. Flor, F. Gaardhøje, J. J. Munhoz, M. G. Garabatos, C. Gasik, P. Gera, Á. Glässel, P. Grünwald, N. Gündem, T. Gunji, T. Hamagaki, H. Harris, J. W. Hauer, P. Hellbär, E. Helstrup, H. Herghelegiu, A. Herrera, H. D. Hernandez Hou, Y. Hughes, C. Ivanov, M. Jäger, J. Ji, Y. Jung, J. Jung, M. Ketzer, B. Kirsch, S. Kleiner, M. Knospe, A. G. Korwieser, M. Kowalski, M. Lautner, L. Lesch, M. Lippmann, C. Mantzaridis, G. Majka, R. D. Marin, A. Markert, C. Masciocchi, S. Matyja, A. Meres, M. Mihaylov, D. L. Miśkowiec, D. Munzer, R. H. Murakami, H. Münning, K. Nassirpour, A. Nattrass, C. Nielsen, B. S. Noije, W. A. V. Da Silva, A. C. Oliveira Oskarsson, A. Oyama, K. Österman, L. Pachmayer, Y. Paić, G. Petris, M. Petrovici, M. Planinic, M. Rasson, J. Read, K. F. Rehman, A. Renfordt, R. Riedel, A. Røed, K. Röhrich, D. Rubio, E. Rusu, A. Sadhu, S. Sanches, B. C. S. Schambach, J. Schmah, A. Schmidt, C. Schmier, A. Schweda, K. Sekihata, D. Silvermyr, D. Sitar, B. Smirnov, N. Soltveit, H. K. Sonnabend, C. Sorensen, S. P. Stachel, J. Šerkšnytė, L. Tambave, G. Ullaland, K. Ulukutlu, B. Varga, D. Rueda, O. Vazquez Voss, B. Wiechula, J. Windelband, B. Wilkinson, J. Witte, J. Yadav, A. Zanone, F. Zhu, S.
contents	For LHC Run 3, the ALICE Time Projection Chamber was upgraded to operate in continuous readout mode. Interaction rates of up to 50 kHz in Pb-Pb collisions require real-time processing of more than 3 TB/s of raw detector data. This requirement is met by a custom FPGA-based processing pipeline that performs the complete front-end data treatment fully in-stream, including common-mode correction, pedestal subtraction, ion-tail filtering, zero suppression, and dense data packing. A central element of the design is a highly parallel common-mode correction algorithm operating directly on the streaming data. It robustly identifies signal-free readout channels on a time-bin basis and applies pad-dependent scaling to compensate for local variations in capacitive coupling in the GEM readout. In combination with pedestal subtraction and ion-tail filtering, this enables accurate baseline restoration under extreme high-occupancy conditions, preventing signal loss while efficiently suppressing noise prior to zero suppression. The pipeline operates continuously at the full detector bandwidth and reduces the raw input rate to about 900 GB/s for Pb-Pb collisions at the target interaction rate. Overall, it represents a large-scale FPGA-based real-time signal-processing implementation for high-energy physics detector readout.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_15868
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2026
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Large-scale real-time signal processing in physics experiments: The ALICE TPC FPGA pipeline Alme, J. Alt, T. Andrei, C. Anguelov, V. Appelshäuser, H. Arslandok, M. Averbeck, R. Ball, M. Barnaföldi, G. G. Becht, P. Bellwied, R. Berdnikova, A. Blidaru, B. Boldizsár, L. Bratrud, L. Braun-Munzinger, P. Bregant, M. Britton, C. L. Büsching, H. Caines, H. Chatzidaki, P. Christiansen, P. Cormier, T. M. Döpper, L. Ehlers, R. Fabbietti, L. Flor, F. Gaardhøje, J. J. Munhoz, M. G. Garabatos, C. Gasik, P. Gera, Á. Glässel, P. Grünwald, N. Gündem, T. Gunji, T. Hamagaki, H. Harris, J. W. Hauer, P. Hellbär, E. Helstrup, H. Herghelegiu, A. Herrera, H. D. Hernandez Hou, Y. Hughes, C. Ivanov, M. Jäger, J. Ji, Y. Jung, J. Jung, M. Ketzer, B. Kirsch, S. Kleiner, M. Knospe, A. G. Korwieser, M. Kowalski, M. Lautner, L. Lesch, M. Lippmann, C. Mantzaridis, G. Majka, R. D. Marin, A. Markert, C. Masciocchi, S. Matyja, A. Meres, M. Mihaylov, D. L. Miśkowiec, D. Munzer, R. H. Murakami, H. Münning, K. Nassirpour, A. Nattrass, C. Nielsen, B. S. Noije, W. A. V. Da Silva, A. C. Oliveira Oskarsson, A. Oyama, K. Österman, L. Pachmayer, Y. Paić, G. Petris, M. Petrovici, M. Planinic, M. Rasson, J. Read, K. F. Rehman, A. Renfordt, R. Riedel, A. Røed, K. Röhrich, D. Rubio, E. Rusu, A. Sadhu, S. Sanches, B. C. S. Schambach, J. Schmah, A. Schmidt, C. Schmier, A. Schweda, K. Sekihata, D. Silvermyr, D. Sitar, B. Smirnov, N. Soltveit, H. K. Sonnabend, C. Sorensen, S. P. Stachel, J. Šerkšnytė, L. Tambave, G. Ullaland, K. Ulukutlu, B. Varga, D. Rueda, O. Vazquez Voss, B. Wiechula, J. Windelband, B. Wilkinson, J. Witte, J. Yadav, A. Zanone, F. Zhu, S. Instrumentation and Detectors For LHC Run 3, the ALICE Time Projection Chamber was upgraded to operate in continuous readout mode. Interaction rates of up to 50 kHz in Pb-Pb collisions require real-time processing of more than 3 TB/s of raw detector data. This requirement is met by a custom FPGA-based processing pipeline that performs the complete front-end data treatment fully in-stream, including common-mode correction, pedestal subtraction, ion-tail filtering, zero suppression, and dense data packing. A central element of the design is a highly parallel common-mode correction algorithm operating directly on the streaming data. It robustly identifies signal-free readout channels on a time-bin basis and applies pad-dependent scaling to compensate for local variations in capacitive coupling in the GEM readout. In combination with pedestal subtraction and ion-tail filtering, this enables accurate baseline restoration under extreme high-occupancy conditions, preventing signal loss while efficiently suppressing noise prior to zero suppression. The pipeline operates continuously at the full detector bandwidth and reduces the raw input rate to about 900 GB/s for Pb-Pb collisions at the target interaction rate. Overall, it represents a large-scale FPGA-based real-time signal-processing implementation for high-energy physics detector readout.
title	Large-scale real-time signal processing in physics experiments: The ALICE TPC FPGA pipeline
topic	Instrumentation and Detectors
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15868