Calibration-Conditioned FiLM Decoders for Low-Latency Decoding of Quantum Error Correction Evaluated on IBM Repetition-Code Experiments

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Stein, Samuel, Kan, Shuwen, Liu, Chenxu, Harkness, Adrian, Garner, Sean, Du, Zefan, Ding, Yufei, Mao, Ying, Li, Ang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Stein, Samuel
Kan, Shuwen
Liu, Chenxu
Harkness, Adrian
Garner, Sean
Du, Zefan
Ding, Yufei
Mao, Ying
Li, Ang
author_facet Stein, Samuel
Kan, Shuwen
Liu, Chenxu
Harkness, Adrian
Garner, Sean
Du, Zefan
Ding, Yufei
Mao, Ying
Li, Ang
contents Real-time decoding of quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation. A practical decoder must operate with high accuracy at low latency, while remaining robust to spatial and temporal variations in hardware noise. We introduce a hardware-conditioned neural decoder framework designed to exploit the natural separation of timescales in superconducting processors, where calibration drifts occur over hours while error correction requires microsecond-scale responses. By processing calibration data through a graph-based encoder and conditioning a lightweight convolutional backbone via feature-wise linear modulation (FiLM), we decouple the heavy processing of device statistics from the low-latency syndrome decoding. We evaluate this approach using the 1D repetition code as a testbed on IBM Fez, Kingston, and Pittsburgh processors, collecting over 2.7 million experimental shots spanning distances up to d = 11. We demonstrate that a single trained model generalizes to unseen qubit chains and new calibration data acquired days later without retraining. On these unseen experiments, the FiLM-conditioned decoder achieves up to an 11.1x reduction in logical error rate relative to modified minimum-weight perfect matching. We observe that by employing a network architecture that exploits the highly asynchronous nature of system calibration and decoding, hardware-conditioned neural decoding demonstrates promising, adaptive performance with negligible latency overhead relative to unconditioned baselines.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_16123
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Calibration-Conditioned FiLM Decoders for Low-Latency Decoding of Quantum Error Correction Evaluated on IBM Repetition-Code Experiments
Stein, Samuel
Kan, Shuwen
Liu, Chenxu
Harkness, Adrian
Garner, Sean
Du, Zefan
Ding, Yufei
Mao, Ying
Li, Ang
Quantum Physics
Real-time decoding of quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation. A practical decoder must operate with high accuracy at low latency, while remaining robust to spatial and temporal variations in hardware noise. We introduce a hardware-conditioned neural decoder framework designed to exploit the natural separation of timescales in superconducting processors, where calibration drifts occur over hours while error correction requires microsecond-scale responses. By processing calibration data through a graph-based encoder and conditioning a lightweight convolutional backbone via feature-wise linear modulation (FiLM), we decouple the heavy processing of device statistics from the low-latency syndrome decoding. We evaluate this approach using the 1D repetition code as a testbed on IBM Fez, Kingston, and Pittsburgh processors, collecting over 2.7 million experimental shots spanning distances up to d = 11. We demonstrate that a single trained model generalizes to unseen qubit chains and new calibration data acquired days later without retraining. On these unseen experiments, the FiLM-conditioned decoder achieves up to an 11.1x reduction in logical error rate relative to modified minimum-weight perfect matching. We observe that by employing a network architecture that exploits the highly asynchronous nature of system calibration and decoding, hardware-conditioned neural decoding demonstrates promising, adaptive performance with negligible latency overhead relative to unconditioned baselines.
title Calibration-Conditioned FiLM Decoders for Low-Latency Decoding of Quantum Error Correction Evaluated on IBM Repetition-Code Experiments
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16123