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Main Authors:	Nagai, K., Hossain, M. F., Pun, A., Nakano, K., Liu, K., Aidala, C. A., Arrington, J., Ayuso, C., Barker, C., Chang, W. C., Chen, A., Christian, D. C., Dannowitz, B., Dove, J., Fassi, L. El, Geesaman, D. F., Gilman, R., Goto, Y., Guo, R. S., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Holt, R. J., Isenhower, D., Kinney, E. R., Klein, A., Kleinjan, D., Leung, C. H., Lin, P. -J., Liu, M. X., Lorenzon, W., McClellan, R. E., McGaughey, P. L., Medeiros, M. M., Miyachi, Y., Miyasaka, S., Morton, D. H., Nakahara, K., Peng, J. C., Prasad, S., Puckett, A. J. R., Ramson, B. J., Reimer, P. E., Rubin, J. G., Sanftl, F., Sawada, S., Sawada, T., Scott, M. B. C., Shibata, T. -A., Su, D. -S., Tadepalli, A. S., Tice, B. G., Towell, R. S., Uemura, S., Wang, S. G., Wu, J., Wuerfel, N., Ye, Z. H.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2026
Subjects:	Nuclear Experiment High Energy Physics - Experiment
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16410
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_version_	1866918301465051136
author	Nagai, K. Hossain, M. F. Pun, A. Nakano, K. Liu, K. Aidala, C. A. Arrington, J. Ayuso, C. Barker, C. Chang, W. C. Chen, A. Christian, D. C. Dannowitz, B. Dove, J. Fassi, L. El Geesaman, D. F. Gilman, R. Goto, Y. Guo, R. S. Guo, L. Hague, T. J. Holt, R. J. Isenhower, D. Kinney, E. R. Klein, A. Kleinjan, D. Leung, C. H. Lin, P. -J. Liu, M. X. Lorenzon, W. McClellan, R. E. McGaughey, P. L. Medeiros, M. M. Miyachi, Y. Miyasaka, S. Morton, D. H. Nakahara, K. Peng, J. C. Prasad, S. Puckett, A. J. R. Ramson, B. J. Reimer, P. E. Rubin, J. G. Sanftl, F. Sawada, S. Sawada, T. Scott, M. B. C. Shibata, T. -A. Su, D. -S. Tadepalli, A. S. Tice, B. G. Towell, R. S. Uemura, S. Wang, S. G. Wu, J. Wuerfel, N. Ye, Z. H.
author_facet	Nagai, K. Hossain, M. F. Pun, A. Nakano, K. Liu, K. Aidala, C. A. Arrington, J. Ayuso, C. Barker, C. Chang, W. C. Chen, A. Christian, D. C. Dannowitz, B. Dove, J. Fassi, L. El Geesaman, D. F. Gilman, R. Goto, Y. Guo, R. S. Guo, L. Hague, T. J. Holt, R. J. Isenhower, D. Kinney, E. R. Klein, A. Kleinjan, D. Leung, C. H. Lin, P. -J. Liu, M. X. Lorenzon, W. McClellan, R. E. McGaughey, P. L. Medeiros, M. M. Miyachi, Y. Miyasaka, S. Morton, D. H. Nakahara, K. Peng, J. C. Prasad, S. Puckett, A. J. R. Ramson, B. J. Reimer, P. E. Rubin, J. G. Sanftl, F. Sawada, S. Sawada, T. Scott, M. B. C. Shibata, T. -A. Su, D. -S. Tadepalli, A. S. Tice, B. G. Towell, R. S. Uemura, S. Wang, S. G. Wu, J. Wuerfel, N. Ye, Z. H.
contents	We present experimental results on the angular distributions of Drell-Yan muons produced by a 120 GeV/$c$ proton beam interacting with liquid hydrogen and deuterium targets. The dimuon angular distributions in both polar ($θ$) and azimuthal ($ϕ$) angles in the Collins-Soper frame are measured within the kinematic range of $4.5 < m_{μμ} < 10\ \mathrm{GeV}/c^2$, $0.19 < p_T < 2.24\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$, and $0 < x_F < 0.95$. Unlike the results of a previous proton-induced Drell-Yan experiment at a higher energy, the data reveal a pronounced $\cos 2ϕ$ modulation in the angular distributions. Comparison with perturbative QCD (pQCD) predictions shows statistically significant deviations, with p-values of 3.5\% for the $p+p$ and 1.5\% for the $p+d$ Drell-Yan processes. These results suggest the presence of nonperturbative QCD contributions.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_16410
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2026
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Measurements of Angular Distributions of Drell-Yan Dimuons in $p+p$ and $p+d$ Interactions at 120 GeV/$c$ Nagai, K. Hossain, M. F. Pun, A. Nakano, K. Liu, K. Aidala, C. A. Arrington, J. Ayuso, C. Barker, C. Chang, W. C. Chen, A. Christian, D. C. Dannowitz, B. Dove, J. Fassi, L. El Geesaman, D. F. Gilman, R. Goto, Y. Guo, R. S. Guo, L. Hague, T. J. Holt, R. J. Isenhower, D. Kinney, E. R. Klein, A. Kleinjan, D. Leung, C. H. Lin, P. -J. Liu, M. X. Lorenzon, W. McClellan, R. E. McGaughey, P. L. Medeiros, M. M. Miyachi, Y. Miyasaka, S. Morton, D. H. Nakahara, K. Peng, J. C. Prasad, S. Puckett, A. J. R. Ramson, B. J. Reimer, P. E. Rubin, J. G. Sanftl, F. Sawada, S. Sawada, T. Scott, M. B. C. Shibata, T. -A. Su, D. -S. Tadepalli, A. S. Tice, B. G. Towell, R. S. Uemura, S. Wang, S. G. Wu, J. Wuerfel, N. Ye, Z. H. Nuclear Experiment High Energy Physics - Experiment We present experimental results on the angular distributions of Drell-Yan muons produced by a 120 GeV/$c$ proton beam interacting with liquid hydrogen and deuterium targets. The dimuon angular distributions in both polar ($θ$) and azimuthal ($ϕ$) angles in the Collins-Soper frame are measured within the kinematic range of $4.5 < m_{μμ} < 10\ \mathrm{GeV}/c^2$, $0.19 < p_T < 2.24\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$, and $0 < x_F < 0.95$. Unlike the results of a previous proton-induced Drell-Yan experiment at a higher energy, the data reveal a pronounced $\cos 2ϕ$ modulation in the angular distributions. Comparison with perturbative QCD (pQCD) predictions shows statistically significant deviations, with p-values of 3.5\% for the $p+p$ and 1.5\% for the $p+d$ Drell-Yan processes. These results suggest the presence of nonperturbative QCD contributions.
title	Measurements of Angular Distributions of Drell-Yan Dimuons in $p+p$ and $p+d$ Interactions at 120 GeV/$c$
topic	Nuclear Experiment High Energy Physics - Experiment
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16410

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