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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Reynolds, Maxwell, Srinivasan, Chaitanya, Cherupally, Vijay, Leone, Michael, Yu, Ke, Sun, Li, Chaudhary, Tigmanshu, Pfenning, Andreas, Batmanghelich, Kayhan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16467
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Table of Contents:
  • Discovery of sensitive and biologically grounded biomarkers is essential for early detection and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Structural MRI is widely available but typically relies on hand-crafted features such as cortical thickness or volume. We ask whether self-supervised learning (SSL) can uncover more powerful biomarkers from the same data. Existing SSL methods underperform FreeSurfer-derived features in disease classification, conversion prediction, and amyloid status prediction. We introduce Residual Noise Contrastive Estimation (R-NCE), a new SSL framework that integrates auxiliary FreeSurfer features while maximizing additional augmentation-invariant information. R-NCE outperforms traditional features and existing SSL methods across multiple benchmarks, including AD conversion prediction. To assess biological relevance, we derive Brain Age Gap (BAG) measures and perform genome-wide association studies. R-NCE-BAG shows high heritability and associations with MAPT and IRAG1, with enrichment in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, indicating sensitivity to neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular processes.