Load Balanced ISAC Systems for URLLC Users
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866915749869649920 |
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| author | Singh, Shivani Nakkeeran, Amudheesan Singh, Prem Sharma, Ekant Bapat, Jyotsna |
| author_facet | Singh, Shivani Nakkeeran, Amudheesan Singh, Prem Sharma, Ekant Bapat, Jyotsna |
| contents | This paper presents an energy-efficient downlink cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) network that serves ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) users while simultaneously detecting a target. We propose a load-balancing algorithm that minimizes the total network power consumption; including transmit power, fixed static power, and traffic-dependent fronthaul power at the access points (APs) without degrading system performance. To this end, we formulate a mixed-integer non-convex optimization problem and introduce an iterative joint power allocation and AP load balancing (JPALB) algorithm. The algorithm aims to reduce total power usage while meeting both the communication quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of URLLC users and the sensing QoS needed for target detection. Proposed JPALB algorithm for ISAC systems was simulated with maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) and regularized zero-forcing (RZF) precoders. Simulation results show approximately 33% reduction in power consumption, using JPALB algorithm compared to a baseline with no load balancing, without compromising communication and sensing QoS requirements. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_16495 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Load Balanced ISAC Systems for URLLC Users Singh, Shivani Nakkeeran, Amudheesan Singh, Prem Sharma, Ekant Bapat, Jyotsna Information Theory Signal Processing This paper presents an energy-efficient downlink cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) network that serves ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) users while simultaneously detecting a target. We propose a load-balancing algorithm that minimizes the total network power consumption; including transmit power, fixed static power, and traffic-dependent fronthaul power at the access points (APs) without degrading system performance. To this end, we formulate a mixed-integer non-convex optimization problem and introduce an iterative joint power allocation and AP load balancing (JPALB) algorithm. The algorithm aims to reduce total power usage while meeting both the communication quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of URLLC users and the sensing QoS needed for target detection. Proposed JPALB algorithm for ISAC systems was simulated with maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) and regularized zero-forcing (RZF) precoders. Simulation results show approximately 33% reduction in power consumption, using JPALB algorithm compared to a baseline with no load balancing, without compromising communication and sensing QoS requirements. |
| title | Load Balanced ISAC Systems for URLLC Users |
| topic | Information Theory Signal Processing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16495 |