The Pauli-Villars-regularized Dirac vacuum in electromagnetic fields at positive temperature

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Borrelli, William, Morellini, Umberto
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Borrelli, William
Morellini, Umberto
author_facet Borrelli, William
Morellini, Umberto
contents In this paper we consider a model of the Dirac vacuum in classical electromagnetic fields at positive temperature. We adopt the Pauli-Villars regularisation technique in order to properly define the free energy of the vacuum, extending the previous work by the second named author on the purely magnetic case. This work is intended as a first step in understanding polarisation effects in the vacuum at positive temperature, in presence of both electrostatic and magnetic potentials.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_16743
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Pauli-Villars-regularized Dirac vacuum in electromagnetic fields at positive temperature
Borrelli, William
Morellini, Umberto
Mathematical Physics
Analysis of PDEs
In this paper we consider a model of the Dirac vacuum in classical electromagnetic fields at positive temperature. We adopt the Pauli-Villars regularisation technique in order to properly define the free energy of the vacuum, extending the previous work by the second named author on the purely magnetic case. This work is intended as a first step in understanding polarisation effects in the vacuum at positive temperature, in presence of both electrostatic and magnetic potentials.
title The Pauli-Villars-regularized Dirac vacuum in electromagnetic fields at positive temperature
topic Mathematical Physics
Analysis of PDEs
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16743