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Main Authors: You, Lei, Cao, Lele, Gurevych, Iryna
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16909
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author You, Lei
Cao, Lele
Gurevych, Iryna
author_facet You, Lei
Cao, Lele
Gurevych, Iryna
contents This paper argues that AI-assisted peer review should be verification-first rather than review-mimicking. We propose truth-coupling, i.e. how tightly venue scores track latent scientific truth, as the right objective for review tools. We formalize two forces that drive a phase transition toward proxy-sovereign evaluation: verification pressure, when claims outpace verification capacity, and signal shrinkage, when real improvements become hard to separate from noise. In a minimal model that mixes occasional high-fidelity checks with frequent proxy judgment, we derive an explicit coupling law and an incentive-collapse condition under which rational effort shifts from truth-seeking to proxy optimization, even when current decisions still appear reliable. These results motivate actions for tool builders and program chairs: deploy AI as an adversarial auditor that generates auditable verification artifacts and expands effective verification bandwidth, rather than as a score predictor that amplifies claim inflation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_16909
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Preventing the Collapse of Peer Review Requires Verification-First AI
You, Lei
Cao, Lele
Gurevych, Iryna
Artificial Intelligence
This paper argues that AI-assisted peer review should be verification-first rather than review-mimicking. We propose truth-coupling, i.e. how tightly venue scores track latent scientific truth, as the right objective for review tools. We formalize two forces that drive a phase transition toward proxy-sovereign evaluation: verification pressure, when claims outpace verification capacity, and signal shrinkage, when real improvements become hard to separate from noise. In a minimal model that mixes occasional high-fidelity checks with frequent proxy judgment, we derive an explicit coupling law and an incentive-collapse condition under which rational effort shifts from truth-seeking to proxy optimization, even when current decisions still appear reliable. These results motivate actions for tool builders and program chairs: deploy AI as an adversarial auditor that generates auditable verification artifacts and expands effective verification bandwidth, rather than as a score predictor that amplifies claim inflation.
title Preventing the Collapse of Peer Review Requires Verification-First AI
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16909