Identifying heat-related diagnoses in emergency department visits among adults in Chicago: a heat-wide association study
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Jang, Hyojung Graffy, Peter M. Barrett, Benjamin W. Horton, Daniel E. Chan, Jennifer L. Kho, Abel N. |
| author_facet | Jang, Hyojung Graffy, Peter M. Barrett, Benjamin W. Horton, Daniel E. Chan, Jennifer L. Kho, Abel N. |
| contents | Extreme heat is an escalating public health concern. Although prior studies have examined heat-health associations, their reliance on restricted diagnoses and diagnostic categories misses or misclassifies heat-related illness. We conducted a heat-wide association study to identify acute-care diagnoses associated with extreme heat in Chicago, Illinois. Using 916,904 acute-care visits -- including emergency department and urgent care encounters -- among 372,140 adults across five healthcare systems from 2011-2023, we applied a two-stage analytic approach: quasi-Poisson regression to screen 1,803 diagnosis codes for heat-related risks, followed by distributed lag non-linear models in a time-stratified case-crossover design to refine the list of heat-related diagnoses and estimate same-day and short-term cumulative odds ratios of acute-care visits during extreme heat versus reference temperature. We observed same-day increases in visits for heat illness, volume depletion, hypotension, edema, acute kidney failure, and multiple injuries. By analyzing the full diagnostic spectrum of acute-care services, this study comprehensively characterizes heat-associated morbidity, reinforcing and advancing existing literature. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_16932 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Identifying heat-related diagnoses in emergency department visits among adults in Chicago: a heat-wide association study Jang, Hyojung Graffy, Peter M. Barrett, Benjamin W. Horton, Daniel E. Chan, Jennifer L. Kho, Abel N. Applications Extreme heat is an escalating public health concern. Although prior studies have examined heat-health associations, their reliance on restricted diagnoses and diagnostic categories misses or misclassifies heat-related illness. We conducted a heat-wide association study to identify acute-care diagnoses associated with extreme heat in Chicago, Illinois. Using 916,904 acute-care visits -- including emergency department and urgent care encounters -- among 372,140 adults across five healthcare systems from 2011-2023, we applied a two-stage analytic approach: quasi-Poisson regression to screen 1,803 diagnosis codes for heat-related risks, followed by distributed lag non-linear models in a time-stratified case-crossover design to refine the list of heat-related diagnoses and estimate same-day and short-term cumulative odds ratios of acute-care visits during extreme heat versus reference temperature. We observed same-day increases in visits for heat illness, volume depletion, hypotension, edema, acute kidney failure, and multiple injuries. By analyzing the full diagnostic spectrum of acute-care services, this study comprehensively characterizes heat-associated morbidity, reinforcing and advancing existing literature. |
| title | Identifying heat-related diagnoses in emergency department visits among adults in Chicago: a heat-wide association study |
| topic | Applications |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16932 |