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Main Authors: Gama, João M. M., Cruz, Guilherme T. C., Khoshbin, Massy, Catani, Lorenzo, Huguenin, José A. O., Balthazar, Wagner F.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16952
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author Gama, João M. M.
Cruz, Guilherme T. C.
Khoshbin, Massy
Catani, Lorenzo
Huguenin, José A. O.
Balthazar, Wagner F.
author_facet Gama, João M. M.
Cruz, Guilherme T. C.
Khoshbin, Massy
Catani, Lorenzo
Huguenin, José A. O.
Balthazar, Wagner F.
contents In this work, we experimentally investigate the classical-light emulation of different notions of nonclassicality in the simplest scenario. We implement this prepare-and-measure scenario involving four preparations and two binary-outcome measurements using two distinct experimental setups that exploit different degrees of freedom of light: polarization and first-order Hermite-Gaussian transverse modes. We additionally model experimental noise through an all-optical setup that reproduces the operational effect of a depolarizing channel. Our experimental results are consistent with the findings of Khoshbin et al. [Phys. Rev. A 109, 032212 (2024)]: under the assumption that the two measurements performed form a tomographically complete set, the observed statistics violate their noise-robust inequalities, indicating inconsistencies with preparation noncontextuality and bounded ontological distinctness for preparations. Although our implementation uses classical light, it reproduces the statistics predicted for the simplest scenario. Since the states and measurements of this scenario underpin computational advantages in tasks such as two-bit quantum random access codes -- among the simplest communication primitives enabling semi-device-independent certification of nonclassicality -- our implementation is directly relevant for such applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_16952
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Experimental investigation of nonclassicality in the simplest scenario via the degrees of freedom of light
Gama, João M. M.
Cruz, Guilherme T. C.
Khoshbin, Massy
Catani, Lorenzo
Huguenin, José A. O.
Balthazar, Wagner F.
Quantum Physics
In this work, we experimentally investigate the classical-light emulation of different notions of nonclassicality in the simplest scenario. We implement this prepare-and-measure scenario involving four preparations and two binary-outcome measurements using two distinct experimental setups that exploit different degrees of freedom of light: polarization and first-order Hermite-Gaussian transverse modes. We additionally model experimental noise through an all-optical setup that reproduces the operational effect of a depolarizing channel. Our experimental results are consistent with the findings of Khoshbin et al. [Phys. Rev. A 109, 032212 (2024)]: under the assumption that the two measurements performed form a tomographically complete set, the observed statistics violate their noise-robust inequalities, indicating inconsistencies with preparation noncontextuality and bounded ontological distinctness for preparations. Although our implementation uses classical light, it reproduces the statistics predicted for the simplest scenario. Since the states and measurements of this scenario underpin computational advantages in tasks such as two-bit quantum random access codes -- among the simplest communication primitives enabling semi-device-independent certification of nonclassicality -- our implementation is directly relevant for such applications.
title Experimental investigation of nonclassicality in the simplest scenario via the degrees of freedom of light
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16952