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Main Authors: Li, Xuchen, Chen, Jing, Li, Xuzhao, Liang, Hao, Zhou, Xiaohuan, Wang, Taifeng, Zhang, Wentao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17006
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author Li, Xuchen
Chen, Jing
Li, Xuzhao
Liang, Hao
Zhou, Xiaohuan
Wang, Taifeng
Zhang, Wentao
author_facet Li, Xuchen
Chen, Jing
Li, Xuzhao
Liang, Hao
Zhou, Xiaohuan
Wang, Taifeng
Zhang, Wentao
contents In mathematical reasoning tasks, the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) relies heavily on high-quality training data with clearly defined and well-graded difficulty levels. However, existing data synthesis methods often suffer from limited diversity and lack precise control over problem difficulty, making them insufficient for supporting efficient training paradigms such as curriculum learning. To address these challenges, we propose MathMixup, a novel data synthesis paradigm that systematically generates high-quality, difficulty-controllable mathematical reasoning problems through hybrid and decomposed strategies. Automated self-checking and manual screening are incorporated to ensure semantic clarity and a well-structured difficulty gradient in the synthesized data. Building on this, we construct the MathMixupQA dataset and design a curriculum learning strategy that leverages these graded problems, supporting flexible integration with other datasets. Experimental results show that MathMixup and its curriculum learning strategy significantly enhance the mathematical reasoning performance of LLMs. Fine-tuned Qwen2.5-7B achieves an average score of 52.6\% across seven mathematical benchmarks, surpassing previous state-of-the-art methods. These results fully validate the effectiveness and broad applicability of MathMixup in improving the mathematical reasoning abilities of LLMs and advancing data-centric curriculum learning.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_17006
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle MathMixup: Boosting LLM Mathematical Reasoning with Difficulty-Controllable Data Synthesis and Curriculum Learning
Li, Xuchen
Chen, Jing
Li, Xuzhao
Liang, Hao
Zhou, Xiaohuan
Wang, Taifeng
Zhang, Wentao
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
In mathematical reasoning tasks, the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) relies heavily on high-quality training data with clearly defined and well-graded difficulty levels. However, existing data synthesis methods often suffer from limited diversity and lack precise control over problem difficulty, making them insufficient for supporting efficient training paradigms such as curriculum learning. To address these challenges, we propose MathMixup, a novel data synthesis paradigm that systematically generates high-quality, difficulty-controllable mathematical reasoning problems through hybrid and decomposed strategies. Automated self-checking and manual screening are incorporated to ensure semantic clarity and a well-structured difficulty gradient in the synthesized data. Building on this, we construct the MathMixupQA dataset and design a curriculum learning strategy that leverages these graded problems, supporting flexible integration with other datasets. Experimental results show that MathMixup and its curriculum learning strategy significantly enhance the mathematical reasoning performance of LLMs. Fine-tuned Qwen2.5-7B achieves an average score of 52.6\% across seven mathematical benchmarks, surpassing previous state-of-the-art methods. These results fully validate the effectiveness and broad applicability of MathMixup in improving the mathematical reasoning abilities of LLMs and advancing data-centric curriculum learning.
title MathMixup: Boosting LLM Mathematical Reasoning with Difficulty-Controllable Data Synthesis and Curriculum Learning
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17006