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Main Authors: Deshpande, Sanyukta, Jacobson, Sheldon H.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17263
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author Deshpande, Sanyukta
Jacobson, Sheldon H.
author_facet Deshpande, Sanyukta
Jacobson, Sheldon H.
contents As artificial intelligence increasingly automates decision-making in competitive markets, understanding the resulting dynamics and ensuring fair market mechanisms is essential. We investigate the multi-faceted decision-making of large language models (LLMs) in oligopolistic Cournot markets, showing that LLMs not only grasp complex market dynamics--demonstrating their potential as effective economic planning agents--but also engage in sustained tacit collusion, driving prices up to 200% above Nash equilibrium levels. Our analysis examines LLM behavior across three dimensions-(1) decision type, (2) opponent strategies, and (3) market composition--revealing how these factors may shape the competitiveness of LLM-based decision-makers. Furthermore, we show that regulating a few dominant agents by enforcing best-response strategies effectively disrupts collusion and helps restore competitive pricing. Our findings identify potential concerns associated with AI integration in competitive market environments and provide regulatory policy recommendations for the era of automation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_17263
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Strategic AI in Cournot Markets
Deshpande, Sanyukta
Jacobson, Sheldon H.
Computer Science and Game Theory
As artificial intelligence increasingly automates decision-making in competitive markets, understanding the resulting dynamics and ensuring fair market mechanisms is essential. We investigate the multi-faceted decision-making of large language models (LLMs) in oligopolistic Cournot markets, showing that LLMs not only grasp complex market dynamics--demonstrating their potential as effective economic planning agents--but also engage in sustained tacit collusion, driving prices up to 200% above Nash equilibrium levels. Our analysis examines LLM behavior across three dimensions-(1) decision type, (2) opponent strategies, and (3) market composition--revealing how these factors may shape the competitiveness of LLM-based decision-makers. Furthermore, we show that regulating a few dominant agents by enforcing best-response strategies effectively disrupts collusion and helps restore competitive pricing. Our findings identify potential concerns associated with AI integration in competitive market environments and provide regulatory policy recommendations for the era of automation.
title Strategic AI in Cournot Markets
topic Computer Science and Game Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17263