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Main Authors: Tang, Jiang-Shan, Xiao, Long-Qi, Wu, Hao-Dong, Jing, Yuwei, Zhang, Han, Ruan, Ya-Ping, Liu, Wuming, Lu, Yan-Qing, Xia, Keyu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17266
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author Tang, Jiang-Shan
Xiao, Long-Qi
Wu, Hao-Dong
Jing, Yuwei
Zhang, Han
Ruan, Ya-Ping
Liu, Wuming
Lu, Yan-Qing
Xia, Keyu
author_facet Tang, Jiang-Shan
Xiao, Long-Qi
Wu, Hao-Dong
Jing, Yuwei
Zhang, Han
Ruan, Ya-Ping
Liu, Wuming
Lu, Yan-Qing
Xia, Keyu
contents A non-Hermitian system at an exceptional point (EP), a specific critical point (CP) associated with the parity-time symmetric phase transition, exhibits a sublinear response to perturbation and promise unprecedented sensitivity beyond the linear-response Hermitian sensors, so far operating at the diabolic points (DP). Despite great advancements, its sensitivity enhancement is fundamentally limited by the divergent Petermann factor, intrinsically rooted in the non-Hermitian eigenvector degeneracy, and practically by the system complexity. Here, we report the CP-resulting square-root response to the refractive index change and enhanced sensitivity in a simple chiral Hermitian cavity without phase transitions. Because of the inherent eigenvector orthogonality, this CP-based Hermitian sensor exhibits an EP-like response and enhanced sensitivity, breaking the Petermann-factor limit of sensitivity in non-Hermitian counterparts. This work paves the way towards exploring the Hermitian CPs for ultrasensitive sensing outperforming both the EP- and DP-based sensors.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_17266
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Exceptional-point-like Sensing near Hermitian Critical Points
Tang, Jiang-Shan
Xiao, Long-Qi
Wu, Hao-Dong
Jing, Yuwei
Zhang, Han
Ruan, Ya-Ping
Liu, Wuming
Lu, Yan-Qing
Xia, Keyu
Optics
A non-Hermitian system at an exceptional point (EP), a specific critical point (CP) associated with the parity-time symmetric phase transition, exhibits a sublinear response to perturbation and promise unprecedented sensitivity beyond the linear-response Hermitian sensors, so far operating at the diabolic points (DP). Despite great advancements, its sensitivity enhancement is fundamentally limited by the divergent Petermann factor, intrinsically rooted in the non-Hermitian eigenvector degeneracy, and practically by the system complexity. Here, we report the CP-resulting square-root response to the refractive index change and enhanced sensitivity in a simple chiral Hermitian cavity without phase transitions. Because of the inherent eigenvector orthogonality, this CP-based Hermitian sensor exhibits an EP-like response and enhanced sensitivity, breaking the Petermann-factor limit of sensitivity in non-Hermitian counterparts. This work paves the way towards exploring the Hermitian CPs for ultrasensitive sensing outperforming both the EP- and DP-based sensors.
title Exceptional-point-like Sensing near Hermitian Critical Points
topic Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17266