Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Multijunction Solar Cells Toward the Multicolor Limit
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911637357723648 |
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| author | Lee, Seungwoo |
| author_facet | Lee, Seungwoo |
| contents | Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and other van der Waals (vdW) semiconductors enable transfer-printed, lattice-mismatch-free stacking of many photovoltaic junctions, motivating a re-examination of multijunction detailed-balance limits under realistic material and optical constraints. Here, we develop a unified thermodynamic framework for a multijunction photovoltaic device, which can define a clear set of device-window constraints, optical boundary conditions, and luminescence/entropy penalties and therefore define how closely any realistic multijunction photovoltaic device can approach multicolor limit. By applying it to a conservative TMD bandgap window (1.0-2.1~eV), we show that the accessible bandgap window imposes a large-junction number (N) efficiency limit: under full concentration, unconstrained ladders approach 84.5% at N=50, whereas the TMD window plateaus near 63.4%. This efficiency plateau is set by photons outside the bandgaps, so radiative quality and optics dominate beyond N=5 junctions for realistic transfer-printed device stacks. We identify an experimentally achievable N=5 ladder Eg~(2.10,1.78,1.50,1.24, 1.00)eV and map each rung to candidate vdW/TMD absorbers. Using reciprocity and luminescence thermodynamics, we quantify penalties from finite external radiative efficiency, two-sided emission, and luminescent coupling, and introduce the upward-emitted luminescence power as an indicator of entropy-loss proxy. Incorporating excitonic absorptance and nanophotonic thickness bounds yields practical thickness and light-management targets for transfer-printed stacks. Finally, inserting an idealized nonreciprocal multijunction model into the reciprocity-optimized ladders provides conservative efficiency advantage estimates, which are consistent with negligible benefit for single junctions but measurable efficiency gains for multijunction TMD devices. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_17409 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Multijunction Solar Cells Toward the Multicolor Limit Lee, Seungwoo Optics Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and other van der Waals (vdW) semiconductors enable transfer-printed, lattice-mismatch-free stacking of many photovoltaic junctions, motivating a re-examination of multijunction detailed-balance limits under realistic material and optical constraints. Here, we develop a unified thermodynamic framework for a multijunction photovoltaic device, which can define a clear set of device-window constraints, optical boundary conditions, and luminescence/entropy penalties and therefore define how closely any realistic multijunction photovoltaic device can approach multicolor limit. By applying it to a conservative TMD bandgap window (1.0-2.1~eV), we show that the accessible bandgap window imposes a large-junction number (N) efficiency limit: under full concentration, unconstrained ladders approach 84.5% at N=50, whereas the TMD window plateaus near 63.4%. This efficiency plateau is set by photons outside the bandgaps, so radiative quality and optics dominate beyond N=5 junctions for realistic transfer-printed device stacks. We identify an experimentally achievable N=5 ladder Eg~(2.10,1.78,1.50,1.24, 1.00)eV and map each rung to candidate vdW/TMD absorbers. Using reciprocity and luminescence thermodynamics, we quantify penalties from finite external radiative efficiency, two-sided emission, and luminescent coupling, and introduce the upward-emitted luminescence power as an indicator of entropy-loss proxy. Incorporating excitonic absorptance and nanophotonic thickness bounds yields practical thickness and light-management targets for transfer-printed stacks. Finally, inserting an idealized nonreciprocal multijunction model into the reciprocity-optimized ladders provides conservative efficiency advantage estimates, which are consistent with negligible benefit for single junctions but measurable efficiency gains for multijunction TMD devices. |
| title | Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Multijunction Solar Cells Toward the Multicolor Limit |
| topic | Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17409 |