The Supermassive Black Hole in the Nearby Spiral Galaxy M81: A Robust Mass from JWST/NIRSpec Stellar Dynamics

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Nguyen, Dieu D., Le, Tuan N., Cappellari, Michele, Ngo, Hai N., Le, Tinh Q. T., Ho, Tien H. T., Nguyen, Long Q. T., Gallo, Elena, Zou, Fan, Perna, Michele, Thatte, Niranjan, Pereira-Santaella, Miguel
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Nguyen, Dieu D.
Le, Tuan N.
Cappellari, Michele
Ngo, Hai N.
Le, Tinh Q. T.
Ho, Tien H. T.
Nguyen, Long Q. T.
Gallo, Elena
Zou, Fan
Perna, Michele
Thatte, Niranjan
Pereira-Santaella, Miguel
author_facet Nguyen, Dieu D.
Le, Tuan N.
Cappellari, Michele
Ngo, Hai N.
Le, Tinh Q. T.
Ho, Tien H. T.
Nguyen, Long Q. T.
Gallo, Elena
Zou, Fan
Perna, Michele
Thatte, Niranjan
Pereira-Santaella, Miguel
contents Despite its proximity, the mass of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the spiral galaxy M81 (NGC~3031) has remained uncertain, with previous dynamical measurements being unreliable. We present the first robust stellar-dynamical measurement of its mass using high-resolution, two-dimensional kinematics from JWST/NIRSpec observations of the central $3''\times3''$. By tracing stellar motions in the near-infrared, our data penetrate the obscuring nuclear dust and allow for the separation of stellar light from the non-thermal AGN continuum. We modeled the kinematics using JAM within a Bayesian framework, exploring a comprehensive suite of models that systematically account for uncertainties in the point-spread function, orbital anisotropy, and stellar mass-to-light ratio. This ensemble modeling approach demonstrates that a central dark mass unambiguously drives the central rise in velocity dispersion. The models yield a robust SMBH mass of $M_{\rm BH} = (4.78^{+0.07}_{-0.10})\times10^7$ M$_\odot$. This result resolves a long-standing uncertainty in the mass of M81's black hole and provides a crucial, reliable anchor point for SMBH-galaxy scaling relations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_17439
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Supermassive Black Hole in the Nearby Spiral Galaxy M81: A Robust Mass from JWST/NIRSpec Stellar Dynamics
Nguyen, Dieu D.
Le, Tuan N.
Cappellari, Michele
Ngo, Hai N.
Le, Tinh Q. T.
Ho, Tien H. T.
Nguyen, Long Q. T.
Gallo, Elena
Zou, Fan
Perna, Michele
Thatte, Niranjan
Pereira-Santaella, Miguel
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Despite its proximity, the mass of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the spiral galaxy M81 (NGC~3031) has remained uncertain, with previous dynamical measurements being unreliable. We present the first robust stellar-dynamical measurement of its mass using high-resolution, two-dimensional kinematics from JWST/NIRSpec observations of the central $3''\times3''$. By tracing stellar motions in the near-infrared, our data penetrate the obscuring nuclear dust and allow for the separation of stellar light from the non-thermal AGN continuum. We modeled the kinematics using JAM within a Bayesian framework, exploring a comprehensive suite of models that systematically account for uncertainties in the point-spread function, orbital anisotropy, and stellar mass-to-light ratio. This ensemble modeling approach demonstrates that a central dark mass unambiguously drives the central rise in velocity dispersion. The models yield a robust SMBH mass of $M_{\rm BH} = (4.78^{+0.07}_{-0.10})\times10^7$ M$_\odot$. This result resolves a long-standing uncertainty in the mass of M81's black hole and provides a crucial, reliable anchor point for SMBH-galaxy scaling relations.
title The Supermassive Black Hole in the Nearby Spiral Galaxy M81: A Robust Mass from JWST/NIRSpec Stellar Dynamics
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17439