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Main Authors: Ma, Marcus, Narayanan, Shrikanth
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17588
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author Ma, Marcus
Narayanan, Shrikanth
author_facet Ma, Marcus
Narayanan, Shrikanth
contents Recent advances in LLMs have reignited scientific debate over whether embodiment is necessary for intelligence. We present the argument that intelligence requires grounding, a phenomenon entailed by embodiment, but not embodiment itself. We define intelligence as the possession of four properties -- motivation, predictive ability, understanding of causality, and learning from experience -- and argue that each can be achieved by a non-embodied, grounded agent. We use this to conclude that grounding, not embodiment, is necessary for intelligence. We then present a thought experiment of an intelligent LLM agent in a digital environment and address potential counterarguments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_17588
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Intelligence Requires Grounding But Not Embodiment
Ma, Marcus
Narayanan, Shrikanth
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Recent advances in LLMs have reignited scientific debate over whether embodiment is necessary for intelligence. We present the argument that intelligence requires grounding, a phenomenon entailed by embodiment, but not embodiment itself. We define intelligence as the possession of four properties -- motivation, predictive ability, understanding of causality, and learning from experience -- and argue that each can be achieved by a non-embodied, grounded agent. We use this to conclude that grounding, not embodiment, is necessary for intelligence. We then present a thought experiment of an intelligent LLM agent in a digital environment and address potential counterarguments.
title Intelligence Requires Grounding But Not Embodiment
topic Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17588