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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ma, Marcus, Narayanan, Shrikanth
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17588
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Table of Contents:
  • Recent advances in LLMs have reignited scientific debate over whether embodiment is necessary for intelligence. We present the argument that intelligence requires grounding, a phenomenon entailed by embodiment, but not embodiment itself. We define intelligence as the possession of four properties -- motivation, predictive ability, understanding of causality, and learning from experience -- and argue that each can be achieved by a non-embodied, grounded agent. We use this to conclude that grounding, not embodiment, is necessary for intelligence. We then present a thought experiment of an intelligent LLM agent in a digital environment and address potential counterarguments.