Exact Minimum-Volume Confidence Set Intersection for Multinomial Outcomes

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Lin, Heguang, Chen, Binhao, Li, Mengze, Pimentel-Alarcón, Daniel, Malloy, Matthew L.
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Lin, Heguang
Chen, Binhao
Li, Mengze
Pimentel-Alarcón, Daniel
Malloy, Matthew L.
author_facet Lin, Heguang
Chen, Binhao
Li, Mengze
Pimentel-Alarcón, Daniel
Malloy, Matthew L.
contents Computation of confidence sets is central to data science and machine learning, serving as the workhorse of A/B testing and underpinning the operation and analysis of reinforcement learning algorithms. Among all valid confidence sets for the multinomial parameter, minimum-volume confidence sets (MVCs) are optimal in that they minimize average volume, but they are defined as level sets of an exact p-value that is discontinuous and difficult to compute. Rather than attempting to characterize the geometry of MVCs directly, this paper studies a practically motivated decision problem: given two observed multinomial outcomes, can one certify whether their MVCs intersect? We present a certified, tolerance-aware algorithm for this intersection problem. The method exploits the fact that likelihood ordering induces halfspace constraints in log-odds coordinates, enabling adaptive geometric partitioning of parameter space and computable lower and upper bounds on p-values over each cell. For three categories, this yields an efficient and provably sound algorithm that either certifies intersection, certifies disjointness, or returns an indeterminate result when the decision lies within a prescribed margin. We further show how the approach extends to higher dimensions. The results demonstrate that, despite their irregular geometry, MVCs admit reliable certified decision procedures for core tasks in A/B testing.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_18145
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Exact Minimum-Volume Confidence Set Intersection for Multinomial Outcomes
Lin, Heguang
Chen, Binhao
Li, Mengze
Pimentel-Alarcón, Daniel
Malloy, Matthew L.
Machine Learning
Computation
Computation of confidence sets is central to data science and machine learning, serving as the workhorse of A/B testing and underpinning the operation and analysis of reinforcement learning algorithms. Among all valid confidence sets for the multinomial parameter, minimum-volume confidence sets (MVCs) are optimal in that they minimize average volume, but they are defined as level sets of an exact p-value that is discontinuous and difficult to compute. Rather than attempting to characterize the geometry of MVCs directly, this paper studies a practically motivated decision problem: given two observed multinomial outcomes, can one certify whether their MVCs intersect? We present a certified, tolerance-aware algorithm for this intersection problem. The method exploits the fact that likelihood ordering induces halfspace constraints in log-odds coordinates, enabling adaptive geometric partitioning of parameter space and computable lower and upper bounds on p-values over each cell. For three categories, this yields an efficient and provably sound algorithm that either certifies intersection, certifies disjointness, or returns an indeterminate result when the decision lies within a prescribed margin. We further show how the approach extends to higher dimensions. The results demonstrate that, despite their irregular geometry, MVCs admit reliable certified decision procedures for core tasks in A/B testing.
title Exact Minimum-Volume Confidence Set Intersection for Multinomial Outcomes
topic Machine Learning
Computation
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18145