Dicey Games: Shared Sources of Randomness in Distributed Systems

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Brice, Léonard, Henzinger, Thomas A., Thejaswini, K. S.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866910215125860352
author Brice, Léonard
Henzinger, Thomas A.
Thejaswini, K. S.
author_facet Brice, Léonard
Henzinger, Thomas A.
Thejaswini, K. S.
contents Consider a 4-player version of Matching Pennies where a team of three players competes against the Devil. Each player simultaneously says "Heads" or "Tails". The team wins if all four choices match; otherwise the Devil wins. If all team players randomise independently, they win with probability 1/8; if all players share a common source of randomness, they win with probability 1/2. What happens when each pair of team players shares a source of randomness? Can the team do better than win with probability 1/4? The surprising (and nontrivial) answer is yes! We introduce Dicey Games, a formal framework motivated by the study of distributed systems with shared sources of randomness (of which the above example is a specific instance). We characterise the existence, representation and computational complexity of optimal strategies in Dicey Games, and we study the problem of allocating limited sources of randomness optimally within a team.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_18303
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Dicey Games: Shared Sources of Randomness in Distributed Systems
Brice, Léonard
Henzinger, Thomas A.
Thejaswini, K. S.
Computer Science and Game Theory
Logic in Computer Science
Multiagent Systems
Consider a 4-player version of Matching Pennies where a team of three players competes against the Devil. Each player simultaneously says "Heads" or "Tails". The team wins if all four choices match; otherwise the Devil wins. If all team players randomise independently, they win with probability 1/8; if all players share a common source of randomness, they win with probability 1/2. What happens when each pair of team players shares a source of randomness? Can the team do better than win with probability 1/4? The surprising (and nontrivial) answer is yes! We introduce Dicey Games, a formal framework motivated by the study of distributed systems with shared sources of randomness (of which the above example is a specific instance). We characterise the existence, representation and computational complexity of optimal strategies in Dicey Games, and we study the problem of allocating limited sources of randomness optimally within a team.
title Dicey Games: Shared Sources of Randomness in Distributed Systems
topic Computer Science and Game Theory
Logic in Computer Science
Multiagent Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18303