_version_ 1866917223625392128
author Liang, Bo
Liu, Yichen
Pang, Jie
Deng, Hanbin
Miao, Taimin
Zhu, Wenpei
Cai, Neng
Zhang, Tiantian
Liu, Jiayu
Jiang, Zhicheng
Liu, Zhanfeng
Zhu, Hongen
Li, Yuliang
Li, Tongrui
Xu, Mingkai
Chen, Hao
Ren, Xiaolin
Yin, Chaohui
Shu, Yingjie
Chen, Yiwen
Zhang, Yu-Tian
Liu, Zhengtai
Shen, Dawei
Ye, Mao
Zhang, Fengfeng
Zhang, Shenjin
Cui, Shengtao
Sun, Zhe
Miyamoto, Koji
Okuda, Taichi
Shimada, Kenya
Yang, Lihong
Yin, Jia-Xin
Zhao, Lin
Xu, Zuyan
Zhang, Haijun
Shi, Youguo
Zhou, X. J.
Liu, Guodong
author_facet Liang, Bo
Liu, Yichen
Pang, Jie
Deng, Hanbin
Miao, Taimin
Zhu, Wenpei
Cai, Neng
Zhang, Tiantian
Liu, Jiayu
Jiang, Zhicheng
Liu, Zhanfeng
Zhu, Hongen
Li, Yuliang
Li, Tongrui
Xu, Mingkai
Chen, Hao
Ren, Xiaolin
Yin, Chaohui
Shu, Yingjie
Chen, Yiwen
Zhang, Yu-Tian
Liu, Zhengtai
Shen, Dawei
Ye, Mao
Zhang, Fengfeng
Zhang, Shenjin
Cui, Shengtao
Sun, Zhe
Miyamoto, Koji
Okuda, Taichi
Shimada, Kenya
Yang, Lihong
Yin, Jia-Xin
Zhao, Lin
Xu, Zuyan
Zhang, Haijun
Shi, Youguo
Zhou, X. J.
Liu, Guodong
contents Kagome materials are at the frontier of condensed matter physics. An ideal kagome lattice features only one geometrically frustrated flat band spanning the entire momentum space and a single Dirac cone at the Brillouin-zone corners. However, for the first time, here we observe unusual flat-band and Dirac physics in the newly discovered "322" kagome material Ni3In2S2 by combining high-resolution synchrotron- and laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with a micro-focused beam, scanning tunneling microscopy, and first-principles calculations. We resolve two distinct electronic flat-band states located in close proximity to the Fermi level: a robust Topological Surface Flat Band at ~40 meV below the Fermi level on the Sulfur-terminated surface, originating from weak topological insulator states, and a kagome lattice-derived flat band at ~100 meV binding energy with an ultranarrow bandwidth (~5 meV). Instead of the single Dirac cone, the Indium-terminated surface hosts a rare two-dimensional Dirac-node arc state, where the gapless Dirac nodes extend along an open one-dimensional line crossing the Brillouin-zone boundary, exhibiting sharp linear dispersion, exceptionally high Fermi velocity, and pronounced circular dichroism. These findings establish Ni3In2S2 as a unique topological kagome metal in which multiple flat-band states of different physical origin coexist with an unusual Dirac-node arc, opening an avenue for discovering flat-band--driven and topology-enabled quantum phenomena.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_18317
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Unusual Dual Flat Bands and two-dimensional Dirac-node Arc State in Kagome Metal Ni3In2S2
Liang, Bo
Liu, Yichen
Pang, Jie
Deng, Hanbin
Miao, Taimin
Zhu, Wenpei
Cai, Neng
Zhang, Tiantian
Liu, Jiayu
Jiang, Zhicheng
Liu, Zhanfeng
Zhu, Hongen
Li, Yuliang
Li, Tongrui
Xu, Mingkai
Chen, Hao
Ren, Xiaolin
Yin, Chaohui
Shu, Yingjie
Chen, Yiwen
Zhang, Yu-Tian
Liu, Zhengtai
Shen, Dawei
Ye, Mao
Zhang, Fengfeng
Zhang, Shenjin
Cui, Shengtao
Sun, Zhe
Miyamoto, Koji
Okuda, Taichi
Shimada, Kenya
Yang, Lihong
Yin, Jia-Xin
Zhao, Lin
Xu, Zuyan
Zhang, Haijun
Shi, Youguo
Zhou, X. J.
Liu, Guodong
Materials Science
Kagome materials are at the frontier of condensed matter physics. An ideal kagome lattice features only one geometrically frustrated flat band spanning the entire momentum space and a single Dirac cone at the Brillouin-zone corners. However, for the first time, here we observe unusual flat-band and Dirac physics in the newly discovered "322" kagome material Ni3In2S2 by combining high-resolution synchrotron- and laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with a micro-focused beam, scanning tunneling microscopy, and first-principles calculations. We resolve two distinct electronic flat-band states located in close proximity to the Fermi level: a robust Topological Surface Flat Band at ~40 meV below the Fermi level on the Sulfur-terminated surface, originating from weak topological insulator states, and a kagome lattice-derived flat band at ~100 meV binding energy with an ultranarrow bandwidth (~5 meV). Instead of the single Dirac cone, the Indium-terminated surface hosts a rare two-dimensional Dirac-node arc state, where the gapless Dirac nodes extend along an open one-dimensional line crossing the Brillouin-zone boundary, exhibiting sharp linear dispersion, exceptionally high Fermi velocity, and pronounced circular dichroism. These findings establish Ni3In2S2 as a unique topological kagome metal in which multiple flat-band states of different physical origin coexist with an unusual Dirac-node arc, opening an avenue for discovering flat-band--driven and topology-enabled quantum phenomena.
title Unusual Dual Flat Bands and two-dimensional Dirac-node Arc State in Kagome Metal Ni3In2S2
topic Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18317