Funny or Persuasive, but Not Both: Evaluating Fine-Grained Multi-Concept Control in LLMs

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Labroo, Arya, Sheth, Ivaxi, Raina, Vyas, Ahmed, Amaani, Fritz, Mario
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Labroo, Arya
Sheth, Ivaxi
Raina, Vyas
Ahmed, Amaani
Fritz, Mario
author_facet Labroo, Arya
Sheth, Ivaxi
Raina, Vyas
Ahmed, Amaani
Fritz, Mario
contents Large Language Models (LLMs) offer strong generative capabilities, but many applications require explicit and \textit{fine-grained} control over specific textual concepts, such as humor, persuasiveness, or formality. Prior approaches in prompting and representation engineering can provide coarse or single-attribute control, but systematic evaluation of multi-attribute settings remains limited. We introduce an evaluation framework for fine-grained controllability for both single- and dual-concept scenarios, focusing on linguistically distinct concept pairs (e.g., persuasiveness vs.~humor). Surprisingly, across multiple LLMs and generative tasks, we find that performance often drops in the dual-concept setting, even though the chosen concepts should in principle be separable. This reveals a fundamental limitation of naive prompting-based control: models struggle with compositionality even when concepts are intuitively independent. Our framework provides systematic evidence of this gap and offers a principled approach for measuring the ability of future methods for multi-concept control.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_18483
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Funny or Persuasive, but Not Both: Evaluating Fine-Grained Multi-Concept Control in LLMs
Labroo, Arya
Sheth, Ivaxi
Raina, Vyas
Ahmed, Amaani
Fritz, Mario
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Large Language Models (LLMs) offer strong generative capabilities, but many applications require explicit and \textit{fine-grained} control over specific textual concepts, such as humor, persuasiveness, or formality. Prior approaches in prompting and representation engineering can provide coarse or single-attribute control, but systematic evaluation of multi-attribute settings remains limited. We introduce an evaluation framework for fine-grained controllability for both single- and dual-concept scenarios, focusing on linguistically distinct concept pairs (e.g., persuasiveness vs.~humor). Surprisingly, across multiple LLMs and generative tasks, we find that performance often drops in the dual-concept setting, even though the chosen concepts should in principle be separable. This reveals a fundamental limitation of naive prompting-based control: models struggle with compositionality even when concepts are intuitively independent. Our framework provides systematic evidence of this gap and offers a principled approach for measuring the ability of future methods for multi-concept control.
title Funny or Persuasive, but Not Both: Evaluating Fine-Grained Multi-Concept Control in LLMs
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18483