Two Hornich-Hlawka-type and Gram matrix-based inequalities
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866910204103229440 |
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| author | Idrissi, Nizar El Zoubeir, Hicham |
| author_facet | Idrissi, Nizar El Zoubeir, Hicham |
| contents | We establish two inequalities in real inner product spaces. The first is a multiplicative strengthening of the classical Hornich-Hlawka inequality: for all vectors $x, y, z$ in a real inner product space $H$ \[ \|x\|\,\|y\| + \|z\|\,\|x+y+z\| \;\geq\; \|x+z\|\,\|y+z\|. \] We provide a complete characterization of the equality cases in terms of the linear dependence of $x,y,z$, and explicit conditions on their Gram matrix, showing in particular that equality occurs only in flat (at most two-dimensional) configurations. We also show that this inequality implies the classical Hornich-Hlawka inequality, thereby establishing a strict hierarchy between the two. The second result is a parametric inequality derived from the positive semidefiniteness of Gram matrices: for all $x,y,z \in H$ and $α, β, γ\in \mathbb{R}$, \[ α^2\|x\|^2\langle y,z\rangle^2 + β^2\|y\|^2\langle x,z\rangle^2 + γ^2\|z\|^2\langle x,y\rangle^2 + 2(αβ+ αγ+ βγ)\langle x,y\rangle\langle x,z\rangle\langle y,z\rangle \;\geq\; 0. \] Optimizing over the parameters yields sharp inequalities relating the pairwise inner products and norms of three vectors, which can be viewed as reverse inequalities to the Gram determinant inequality $\det G \geq 0$. As a special case, this recovers and strengthens the classical Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_18768 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Two Hornich-Hlawka-type and Gram matrix-based inequalities Idrissi, Nizar El Zoubeir, Hicham Classical Analysis and ODEs 46C05, 26D15 We establish two inequalities in real inner product spaces. The first is a multiplicative strengthening of the classical Hornich-Hlawka inequality: for all vectors $x, y, z$ in a real inner product space $H$ \[ \|x\|\,\|y\| + \|z\|\,\|x+y+z\| \;\geq\; \|x+z\|\,\|y+z\|. \] We provide a complete characterization of the equality cases in terms of the linear dependence of $x,y,z$, and explicit conditions on their Gram matrix, showing in particular that equality occurs only in flat (at most two-dimensional) configurations. We also show that this inequality implies the classical Hornich-Hlawka inequality, thereby establishing a strict hierarchy between the two. The second result is a parametric inequality derived from the positive semidefiniteness of Gram matrices: for all $x,y,z \in H$ and $α, β, γ\in \mathbb{R}$, \[ α^2\|x\|^2\langle y,z\rangle^2 + β^2\|y\|^2\langle x,z\rangle^2 + γ^2\|z\|^2\langle x,y\rangle^2 + 2(αβ+ αγ+ βγ)\langle x,y\rangle\langle x,z\rangle\langle y,z\rangle \;\geq\; 0. \] Optimizing over the parameters yields sharp inequalities relating the pairwise inner products and norms of three vectors, which can be viewed as reverse inequalities to the Gram determinant inequality $\det G \geq 0$. As a special case, this recovers and strengthens the classical Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. |
| title | Two Hornich-Hlawka-type and Gram matrix-based inequalities |
| topic | Classical Analysis and ODEs 46C05, 26D15 |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18768 |