Uncertainties in Low-Count STIS Spectra

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Lothringer, Joshua D., Santos, Leonardo dos, Carlberg, Joleen, Lockwood, Sean, Brown, Jacqueline
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Lothringer, Joshua D.
Santos, Leonardo dos
Carlberg, Joleen
Lockwood, Sean
Brown, Jacqueline
author_facet Lothringer, Joshua D.
Santos, Leonardo dos
Carlberg, Joleen
Lockwood, Sean
Brown, Jacqueline
contents We evaluate uncertainty calculations in the calstis pipeline for data in the low-count regime. Due to the low dark rate and read-noise free nature of MAMA detectors, observations of UV-dim sources can result in exposures with 0 or 1 counts in some pixels. In this regime, the "root-N" approximation widely used to calculate uncertainties breaks down, and one must compute Poisson confidence intervals for more accurate uncertainty calculations. The CalCOS pipeline was updated in 2020 to account for these low-count uncertainties. Here, we assess how STIS observations are currently affected by this phenomenon, describe a new Jupyter notebook exploring the issue, and introduce a new utility, stistools.poisson_err, to manually calculate Poisson confidence intervals for 1D STIS spectra. Additionally, we describe a related software bug in the stistools$.$inttag utility, which splits TIME-TAG data into sub-exposures. This newly fixed bug serves as a useful case-study for the proper use of Poisson confidence intervals.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_18910
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Uncertainties in Low-Count STIS Spectra
Lothringer, Joshua D.
Santos, Leonardo dos
Carlberg, Joleen
Lockwood, Sean
Brown, Jacqueline
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
We evaluate uncertainty calculations in the calstis pipeline for data in the low-count regime. Due to the low dark rate and read-noise free nature of MAMA detectors, observations of UV-dim sources can result in exposures with 0 or 1 counts in some pixels. In this regime, the "root-N" approximation widely used to calculate uncertainties breaks down, and one must compute Poisson confidence intervals for more accurate uncertainty calculations. The CalCOS pipeline was updated in 2020 to account for these low-count uncertainties. Here, we assess how STIS observations are currently affected by this phenomenon, describe a new Jupyter notebook exploring the issue, and introduce a new utility, stistools.poisson_err, to manually calculate Poisson confidence intervals for 1D STIS spectra. Additionally, we describe a related software bug in the stistools$.$inttag utility, which splits TIME-TAG data into sub-exposures. This newly fixed bug serves as a useful case-study for the proper use of Poisson confidence intervals.
title Uncertainties in Low-Count STIS Spectra
topic Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18910