On the Number of Almost Empty Monochromatic Triangles

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Hauptverfasser: Bhattacharya, Bhaswar B., Das, Sandip, Islam, Sk Samim, Mohapatra, Aashirwad, Paul, Ishan, Sen, Saumya
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Bhattacharya, Bhaswar B.
Das, Sandip
Islam, Sk Samim
Mohapatra, Aashirwad
Paul, Ishan
Sen, Saumya
author_facet Bhattacharya, Bhaswar B.
Das, Sandip
Islam, Sk Samim
Mohapatra, Aashirwad
Paul, Ishan
Sen, Saumya
contents In this paper, we consider the problem of counting almost empty monochromatic triangles in colored planar point sets, that is, triangles whose vertices are all assigned the same color and that contain only a few interior points. Specifically, we show that any $c$-coloring of a set of $n$ points in the plane in general position (that is, no three on a line) contains $Ω(n^2)$ monochromatic triangles with at most $c-1$ interior points and $Ω(n^{\frac{4}{3}})$ monochromatic triangles with at most $c-2$ interior points, for any fixed $c \geq 2$. The latter, in particular, generalizes the result of Pach and Tóth (2013) on the number of monochromatic empty triangles in 2-colored point sets, to the setting of multiple colors and monochromatic triangles with a few interior points. We also derive the limiting value of the expected number of triangles with $s$ interior points in random point sets, for any integer $s \geq 0$. As a result, we obtain the expected number of monochromatic triangles with at most $s$ interior points in random colorings of random point sets.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_18951
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On the Number of Almost Empty Monochromatic Triangles
Bhattacharya, Bhaswar B.
Das, Sandip
Islam, Sk Samim
Mohapatra, Aashirwad
Paul, Ishan
Sen, Saumya
Combinatorics
Computational Geometry
Discrete Mathematics
In this paper, we consider the problem of counting almost empty monochromatic triangles in colored planar point sets, that is, triangles whose vertices are all assigned the same color and that contain only a few interior points. Specifically, we show that any $c$-coloring of a set of $n$ points in the plane in general position (that is, no three on a line) contains $Ω(n^2)$ monochromatic triangles with at most $c-1$ interior points and $Ω(n^{\frac{4}{3}})$ monochromatic triangles with at most $c-2$ interior points, for any fixed $c \geq 2$. The latter, in particular, generalizes the result of Pach and Tóth (2013) on the number of monochromatic empty triangles in 2-colored point sets, to the setting of multiple colors and monochromatic triangles with a few interior points. We also derive the limiting value of the expected number of triangles with $s$ interior points in random point sets, for any integer $s \geq 0$. As a result, we obtain the expected number of monochromatic triangles with at most $s$ interior points in random colorings of random point sets.
title On the Number of Almost Empty Monochromatic Triangles
topic Combinatorics
Computational Geometry
Discrete Mathematics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18951