$G_δ$ Circle Squaring

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Unger, Spencer, Varadarajan, Narmada, Weilacher, Felix
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Unger, Spencer
Varadarajan, Narmada
Weilacher, Felix
author_facet Unger, Spencer
Varadarajan, Narmada
Weilacher, Felix
contents We show that a circle and square of the same area in $\mathbb{R}^2$ are equidecomposable by translations using $\mathbfΔ^0_2$ pieces. That is, pieces which are simultaneously $F_σ$ and $G_δ$ sets. This improves a result of Máthé-Noel-Pikhurko and is the best possible complexity in terms of the Borel hierarchy. More generally we show that bounded sets $A,B \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ with small enough boundaries and the same nonzero Lebesgue measure are equidecomposable with pieces that are countable unions of finite Boolean combinations of translates of $A,B$, and open sets. The improvement comes from constructions of low complexity toasts and related objects which should be independently useful within Borel combinatorics.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_19039
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle $G_δ$ Circle Squaring
Unger, Spencer
Varadarajan, Narmada
Weilacher, Felix
Logic
Combinatorics
Metric Geometry
03E15, 52B45, 05C21
We show that a circle and square of the same area in $\mathbb{R}^2$ are equidecomposable by translations using $\mathbfΔ^0_2$ pieces. That is, pieces which are simultaneously $F_σ$ and $G_δ$ sets. This improves a result of Máthé-Noel-Pikhurko and is the best possible complexity in terms of the Borel hierarchy. More generally we show that bounded sets $A,B \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ with small enough boundaries and the same nonzero Lebesgue measure are equidecomposable with pieces that are countable unions of finite Boolean combinations of translates of $A,B$, and open sets. The improvement comes from constructions of low complexity toasts and related objects which should be independently useful within Borel combinatorics.
title $G_δ$ Circle Squaring
topic Logic
Combinatorics
Metric Geometry
03E15, 52B45, 05C21
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19039