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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| Accesso online: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19087 |
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| _version_ | 1866912989674733568 |
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| author | Eltayeb, Mohammed E |
| author_facet | Eltayeb, Mohammed E |
| contents | This paper presents a coded-aperture reflector for indoor mmWave coverage enhancement in obstructed or blocked LoS settings. We model the reflecting aperture using an equivalent array-factor formulation, where each passive reflecting cell contributes a reradiated field with phase set by the incident and departure directions. Building on this model, we develop two fabrication-friendly passive synthesis methods: (i) binary (1-bit) spatial coding that enables deterministic non-specular beam formation and multibeam patterns by selecting cell participation on a dense λ/2 lattice via an ON/OFF metallization mask, and (ii) diffraction-order (periodic) steering that exploits aperture periodicity to place selected diffraction orders at prescribed angles. We analytically characterize the proposed cosine-threshold quantization rule, including its asymptotic activation ratio and a distribution-free lower bound on non-specular gain relative to ideal continuous-phase control. To validate the proposed designs, we fabricate and metallize low-cost prototypes in-house using a copper-backed 3D-printed "inkwell" substrate with stencil-guided conductive ink deposition. 60 GHz over-the-air measurements show non-specular power enhancements on the order of +14-20 dB relative to passive, non-engineered (all-ON) reflector baselines. Results also demonstrate that fully passive, binary-coded apertures can deliver beam control with rapid in-lab manufacturability and offer a practical alternative to power-consuming reconfigurable surfaces for static indoor mmWave links. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_19087 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Passive Beam Shaping via Binary-Coded Apertures Eltayeb, Mohammed E Systems and Control This paper presents a coded-aperture reflector for indoor mmWave coverage enhancement in obstructed or blocked LoS settings. We model the reflecting aperture using an equivalent array-factor formulation, where each passive reflecting cell contributes a reradiated field with phase set by the incident and departure directions. Building on this model, we develop two fabrication-friendly passive synthesis methods: (i) binary (1-bit) spatial coding that enables deterministic non-specular beam formation and multibeam patterns by selecting cell participation on a dense λ/2 lattice via an ON/OFF metallization mask, and (ii) diffraction-order (periodic) steering that exploits aperture periodicity to place selected diffraction orders at prescribed angles. We analytically characterize the proposed cosine-threshold quantization rule, including its asymptotic activation ratio and a distribution-free lower bound on non-specular gain relative to ideal continuous-phase control. To validate the proposed designs, we fabricate and metallize low-cost prototypes in-house using a copper-backed 3D-printed "inkwell" substrate with stencil-guided conductive ink deposition. 60 GHz over-the-air measurements show non-specular power enhancements on the order of +14-20 dB relative to passive, non-engineered (all-ON) reflector baselines. Results also demonstrate that fully passive, binary-coded apertures can deliver beam control with rapid in-lab manufacturability and offer a practical alternative to power-consuming reconfigurable surfaces for static indoor mmWave links. |
| title | Passive Beam Shaping via Binary-Coded Apertures |
| topic | Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19087 |