Nonvisual Support for Understanding and Reasoning about Data Structures

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Wimer, Brianna L., Kanchi, Ritesh, Frierson, Kaija, Potluri, Venkatesh, Metoyer, Ronald, Mankoff, Jennifer, Natsuhara, Miya, Wang, Matt X.
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Wimer, Brianna L.
Kanchi, Ritesh
Frierson, Kaija
Potluri, Venkatesh
Metoyer, Ronald
Mankoff, Jennifer
Natsuhara, Miya
Wang, Matt X.
author_facet Wimer, Brianna L.
Kanchi, Ritesh
Frierson, Kaija
Potluri, Venkatesh
Metoyer, Ronald
Mankoff, Jennifer
Natsuhara, Miya
Wang, Matt X.
contents Blind and visually impaired (BVI) computer science students face systematic barriers when learning data structures: current accessibility approaches typically translate diagrams into alternative text, focusing on visual appearance rather than preserving the underlying structure essential for conceptual understanding. More accessible alternatives often do not scale in complexity, cost to produce, or both. Motivated by a recent shift to tools for creating visual diagrams from code, we propose a solution that automatically creates accessible representations from structural information about diagrams. Based on a Wizard-of-Oz study, we derive design requirements for an automated system, Arboretum, that compiles text-based diagram specifications into three synchronized nonvisual formats$\unicode{x2013}$tabular, navigable, and tactile. Our evaluation with BVI users highlights the strength of tactile graphics for complex tasks such as binary search; the benefits of offering multiple, complementary nonvisual representations; and limitations of existing digital navigation patterns for structural reasoning. This work reframes access to data structures by preserving their structural properties. The solution is a practical system to advance accessible CS education.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_19168
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Nonvisual Support for Understanding and Reasoning about Data Structures
Wimer, Brianna L.
Kanchi, Ritesh
Frierson, Kaija
Potluri, Venkatesh
Metoyer, Ronald
Mankoff, Jennifer
Natsuhara, Miya
Wang, Matt X.
Human-Computer Interaction
Blind and visually impaired (BVI) computer science students face systematic barriers when learning data structures: current accessibility approaches typically translate diagrams into alternative text, focusing on visual appearance rather than preserving the underlying structure essential for conceptual understanding. More accessible alternatives often do not scale in complexity, cost to produce, or both. Motivated by a recent shift to tools for creating visual diagrams from code, we propose a solution that automatically creates accessible representations from structural information about diagrams. Based on a Wizard-of-Oz study, we derive design requirements for an automated system, Arboretum, that compiles text-based diagram specifications into three synchronized nonvisual formats$\unicode{x2013}$tabular, navigable, and tactile. Our evaluation with BVI users highlights the strength of tactile graphics for complex tasks such as binary search; the benefits of offering multiple, complementary nonvisual representations; and limitations of existing digital navigation patterns for structural reasoning. This work reframes access to data structures by preserving their structural properties. The solution is a practical system to advance accessible CS education.
title Nonvisual Support for Understanding and Reasoning about Data Structures
topic Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19168