Constructing self-referential instances for the clique problem

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Li, Jiaqi, Hu, Shuli, Li, Xianxian, Yin, Minghao
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Li, Jiaqi
Hu, Shuli
Li, Xianxian
Yin, Minghao
author_facet Li, Jiaqi
Hu, Shuli
Li, Xianxian
Yin, Minghao
contents In this paper, we propose constructing self-referential instances to reveal the inherent algorithmic hardness of the clique problem. First, we prove the existence of a phase transition phenomenon for the clique problem in the Erdős--Rényi random graph model and derive an exact location for the transition point. Subsequently, at the transition point, we construct a family of graphs. In this family, each graph shares the same number of vertices, number of edges, and degree sequence, yet both instances containing a $k$-clique and instances without any $k$-clique are included. These two states can be transformed into each other through a symmetric transformation that preserves the degree of every vertex. This property explains why exhaustive search is required in the critical region: an algorithm must search nearly the entire solution space to determine the existence of a solution; otherwise, a counterinstance can be constructed from the original instance using the symmetric transformation. Finally, this paper elaborates on the intrinsic reason for this phenomenon from the independence of the solution space.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_19393
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Constructing self-referential instances for the clique problem
Li, Jiaqi
Hu, Shuli
Li, Xianxian
Yin, Minghao
Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
In this paper, we propose constructing self-referential instances to reveal the inherent algorithmic hardness of the clique problem. First, we prove the existence of a phase transition phenomenon for the clique problem in the Erdős--Rényi random graph model and derive an exact location for the transition point. Subsequently, at the transition point, we construct a family of graphs. In this family, each graph shares the same number of vertices, number of edges, and degree sequence, yet both instances containing a $k$-clique and instances without any $k$-clique are included. These two states can be transformed into each other through a symmetric transformation that preserves the degree of every vertex. This property explains why exhaustive search is required in the critical region: an algorithm must search nearly the entire solution space to determine the existence of a solution; otherwise, a counterinstance can be constructed from the original instance using the symmetric transformation. Finally, this paper elaborates on the intrinsic reason for this phenomenon from the independence of the solution space.
title Constructing self-referential instances for the clique problem
topic Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19393