A Catalog of 971 FR-I Radio Galaxies from the FIRST Survey via Hybrid Deep Learning and Ridgeline Flux Density Distribution Analysis
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866910002206212096 |
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| author | Lao, Baoqiang Yang, Xiaolong Xiao, Wenjun Sasmal, Tapan K. Zou, Yanli Liu, Didi Liao, Zhixian Lu, Ye Zhao, Rushuang |
| author_facet | Lao, Baoqiang Yang, Xiaolong Xiao, Wenjun Sasmal, Tapan K. Zou, Yanli Liu, Didi Liao, Zhixian Lu, Ye Zhao, Rushuang |
| contents | We present a catalog of 971 FR-I radio galaxies (FR-Is) identified from the Very Large Array Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters (FIRST) survey. The identifications were made using a hybrid method that combines deep learning with ridgeline flux density distribution analysis. Among these sources, 845 are new discoveries. The catalog comprises sources characterized by edge-darkened double jets, an absence of significant bent morphology, and angular sizes ranging from 23 to 159 arcseconds. Optical and/or infrared counterparts have been identified for 813 FR-Is. Among these, the host galaxies are predominantly (88.1\%) red galaxies, with the remainder (11.9\%) being blue galaxies; notably, most blue galaxies exhibit high radio power. The FR-I sample spans a radio power range of $1.20 \times 10^{21} \leq P_{\rm 1400} \leq 3.55 \times 10^{27} \, {\rm W\,Hz}^{-1}$ at 1400 MHz and reaches redshifts up to $z = 2.307$. The host galaxies have $r$-band absolute magnitudes in the range $-24 \lesssim M_r \lesssim -20$ mag. For the 512 FR-Is with estimates, the black hole masses fall within $10^7 \lesssim M_{\rm BH} \lesssim 7.94 \times 10^9 \, M_{\odot}$. Based on optical emission-line ratios and mid-infrared colors, spectroscopic classification shows that 571 hosts are low-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs) and 59 are high-excitation radio galaxies (HERGs). |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_19609 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A Catalog of 971 FR-I Radio Galaxies from the FIRST Survey via Hybrid Deep Learning and Ridgeline Flux Density Distribution Analysis Lao, Baoqiang Yang, Xiaolong Xiao, Wenjun Sasmal, Tapan K. Zou, Yanli Liu, Didi Liao, Zhixian Lu, Ye Zhao, Rushuang Astrophysics of Galaxies We present a catalog of 971 FR-I radio galaxies (FR-Is) identified from the Very Large Array Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters (FIRST) survey. The identifications were made using a hybrid method that combines deep learning with ridgeline flux density distribution analysis. Among these sources, 845 are new discoveries. The catalog comprises sources characterized by edge-darkened double jets, an absence of significant bent morphology, and angular sizes ranging from 23 to 159 arcseconds. Optical and/or infrared counterparts have been identified for 813 FR-Is. Among these, the host galaxies are predominantly (88.1\%) red galaxies, with the remainder (11.9\%) being blue galaxies; notably, most blue galaxies exhibit high radio power. The FR-I sample spans a radio power range of $1.20 \times 10^{21} \leq P_{\rm 1400} \leq 3.55 \times 10^{27} \, {\rm W\,Hz}^{-1}$ at 1400 MHz and reaches redshifts up to $z = 2.307$. The host galaxies have $r$-band absolute magnitudes in the range $-24 \lesssim M_r \lesssim -20$ mag. For the 512 FR-Is with estimates, the black hole masses fall within $10^7 \lesssim M_{\rm BH} \lesssim 7.94 \times 10^9 \, M_{\odot}$. Based on optical emission-line ratios and mid-infrared colors, spectroscopic classification shows that 571 hosts are low-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs) and 59 are high-excitation radio galaxies (HERGs). |
| title | A Catalog of 971 FR-I Radio Galaxies from the FIRST Survey via Hybrid Deep Learning and Ridgeline Flux Density Distribution Analysis |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19609 |