Enhanced quantum state discrimination under general measurements with entanglement and nonorthogonality restrictions

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Choudhary, Swati, Bhattacharyya, Aparajita, Sen, Ujjwal
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Choudhary, Swati
Bhattacharyya, Aparajita
Sen, Ujjwal
author_facet Choudhary, Swati
Bhattacharyya, Aparajita
Sen, Ujjwal
contents The minimum error probability for distinguishing between two quantum states is bounded by the Helstrom limit, derived under the assumption that measurement strategies are restricted to positive operator-valued measurements. We explore scenarios in which the error probability for discriminating two quantum states can be reduced below the Helstrom bound under some constrained access of resources, indicating the use of measurement operations that go beyond the standard positive operator-valued measurements framework. We refer to such measurements as non-positive operator-valued measurements. While existing literature often associates these measurements with initial entanglement between the system and an auxiliary, followed by joint projective measurement and discarding the auxiliary, we demonstrate that initial entanglement between system and auxiliary is not necessary for the emergence of such measurements in the context of state discrimination. Interestingly, even initial product states can give rise to effective non-positive measurements on the subsystem, and achieve sub-Helstrom discrimination error when discriminating quantum states of the subsystem.
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
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spellingShingle Enhanced quantum state discrimination under general measurements with entanglement and nonorthogonality restrictions
Choudhary, Swati
Bhattacharyya, Aparajita
Sen, Ujjwal
Quantum Physics
The minimum error probability for distinguishing between two quantum states is bounded by the Helstrom limit, derived under the assumption that measurement strategies are restricted to positive operator-valued measurements. We explore scenarios in which the error probability for discriminating two quantum states can be reduced below the Helstrom bound under some constrained access of resources, indicating the use of measurement operations that go beyond the standard positive operator-valued measurements framework. We refer to such measurements as non-positive operator-valued measurements. While existing literature often associates these measurements with initial entanglement between the system and an auxiliary, followed by joint projective measurement and discarding the auxiliary, we demonstrate that initial entanglement between system and auxiliary is not necessary for the emergence of such measurements in the context of state discrimination. Interestingly, even initial product states can give rise to effective non-positive measurements on the subsystem, and achieve sub-Helstrom discrimination error when discriminating quantum states of the subsystem.
title Enhanced quantum state discrimination under general measurements with entanglement and nonorthogonality restrictions
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19820