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Main Authors: Qian, Lekai, Gu, Haoyu, Li, Dehan, Cao, Boyu, Liu, Qi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19951
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author Qian, Lekai
Gu, Haoyu
Li, Dehan
Cao, Boyu
Liu, Qi
author_facet Qian, Lekai
Gu, Haoyu
Li, Dehan
Cao, Boyu
Liu, Qi
contents Symbolic music representation is a fundamental challenge in computational musicology. While grid-based representations effectively preserve pitch-time spatial correspondence, their inherent data sparsity leads to low encoding efficiency. Discrete-event representations achieve compact encoding but fail to adequately capture structural invariance and spatial locality. To address these complementary limitations, we propose Pianoroll-Event, a novel encoding scheme that describes pianoroll representations through events, combining structural properties with encoding efficiency while maintaining temporal dependencies and local spatial patterns. Specifically, we design four complementary event types: Frame Events for temporal boundaries, Gap Events for sparse regions, Pattern Events for note patterns, and Musical Structure Events for musical metadata. Pianoroll-Event strikes an effective balance between sequence length and vocabulary size, improving encoding efficiency by 1.36\times to 7.16\times over representative discrete sequence methods. Experiments across multiple autoregressive architectures show models using our representation consistently outperform baselines in both quantitative and human evaluations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_19951
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Pianoroll-Event: A Novel Score Representation for Symbolic Music
Qian, Lekai
Gu, Haoyu
Li, Dehan
Cao, Boyu
Liu, Qi
Sound
Audio and Speech Processing
Symbolic music representation is a fundamental challenge in computational musicology. While grid-based representations effectively preserve pitch-time spatial correspondence, their inherent data sparsity leads to low encoding efficiency. Discrete-event representations achieve compact encoding but fail to adequately capture structural invariance and spatial locality. To address these complementary limitations, we propose Pianoroll-Event, a novel encoding scheme that describes pianoroll representations through events, combining structural properties with encoding efficiency while maintaining temporal dependencies and local spatial patterns. Specifically, we design four complementary event types: Frame Events for temporal boundaries, Gap Events for sparse regions, Pattern Events for note patterns, and Musical Structure Events for musical metadata. Pianoroll-Event strikes an effective balance between sequence length and vocabulary size, improving encoding efficiency by 1.36\times to 7.16\times over representative discrete sequence methods. Experiments across multiple autoregressive architectures show models using our representation consistently outperform baselines in both quantitative and human evaluations.
title Pianoroll-Event: A Novel Score Representation for Symbolic Music
topic Sound
Audio and Speech Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19951