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Main Authors: Dahunsi, Darren, Palamar, Randy, Henry, Tyler, Sobhani, Mohammad Rahim, Majidi, Negar, Wang, Joy, Ilkhechi, Afshin Kashani, Zemp, Roger
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.20066
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author Dahunsi, Darren
Palamar, Randy
Henry, Tyler
Sobhani, Mohammad Rahim
Majidi, Negar
Wang, Joy
Ilkhechi, Afshin Kashani
Zemp, Roger
author_facet Dahunsi, Darren
Palamar, Randy
Henry, Tyler
Sobhani, Mohammad Rahim
Majidi, Negar
Wang, Joy
Ilkhechi, Afshin Kashani
Zemp, Roger
contents High quality structural volumetric imaging is a challenging goal to achieve with modern ultrasound transducers. Matrix probes have limited fields of view and element counts, whereas row-column arrays (RCAs) provide insufficient focusing. In contrast, Top-Orthogonal-to-Bottom-Electrode (TOBE) arrays, also known as bias-switchable RCAs can enable isotropic focusing on par with ideal matrix probes, with a field of view surpassing conventional RCAs. Orthogonal Plane-Wave Transmit-Receive Isotropic-Focusing Micro-Ultrasound (OPTIMUS) is a novel imaging scheme that can use TOBE arrays to achieve nearly isotropic focusing throughout an expansive volume. This approach extends upon a similar volumetric imaging scheme, Hadamard Encoded Row Column Ultrasonic Expansive Scanning (HERCULES), that is even able to image beyond the shadow of the aperture, much like typical 2D matrix probes. We simulate a grid of scatterers to evaluate how the resolution varies across the volume, and validate these simulations experimentally using a commercial calibration phantom. Experimental measurements were done with a custom fabricated TOBE array, custom biasing electronics, and a research ultrasound system. Finally we performed ex-vivo imaging to assess our ability to discern structural tissue information.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_20066
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Orthogonal Plane-Wave Transmit-Receive Isotropic-Focusing Micro-Ultrasound (OPTIMUS) with Bias-Switchable Row-Column Arrays
Dahunsi, Darren
Palamar, Randy
Henry, Tyler
Sobhani, Mohammad Rahim
Majidi, Negar
Wang, Joy
Ilkhechi, Afshin Kashani
Zemp, Roger
Image and Video Processing
High quality structural volumetric imaging is a challenging goal to achieve with modern ultrasound transducers. Matrix probes have limited fields of view and element counts, whereas row-column arrays (RCAs) provide insufficient focusing. In contrast, Top-Orthogonal-to-Bottom-Electrode (TOBE) arrays, also known as bias-switchable RCAs can enable isotropic focusing on par with ideal matrix probes, with a field of view surpassing conventional RCAs. Orthogonal Plane-Wave Transmit-Receive Isotropic-Focusing Micro-Ultrasound (OPTIMUS) is a novel imaging scheme that can use TOBE arrays to achieve nearly isotropic focusing throughout an expansive volume. This approach extends upon a similar volumetric imaging scheme, Hadamard Encoded Row Column Ultrasonic Expansive Scanning (HERCULES), that is even able to image beyond the shadow of the aperture, much like typical 2D matrix probes. We simulate a grid of scatterers to evaluate how the resolution varies across the volume, and validate these simulations experimentally using a commercial calibration phantom. Experimental measurements were done with a custom fabricated TOBE array, custom biasing electronics, and a research ultrasound system. Finally we performed ex-vivo imaging to assess our ability to discern structural tissue information.
title Orthogonal Plane-Wave Transmit-Receive Isotropic-Focusing Micro-Ultrasound (OPTIMUS) with Bias-Switchable Row-Column Arrays
topic Image and Video Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.20066