A general interpretation of nonlinear connected time crystals: quantum self-sustaining combined with quantum synchronization

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Song-hai, Es'haqi-Sani, Najmeh, Li, Xingli, Li, Wenlin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Li, Song-hai
Es'haqi-Sani, Najmeh
Li, Xingli
Li, Wenlin
author_facet Li, Song-hai
Es'haqi-Sani, Najmeh
Li, Xingli
Li, Wenlin
contents Although classical nonlinear dynamics suggests that sufficiently strong nonlinearity can sustain oscillations, quantization of such model typically yields a time-independent steady state that respects time-translation symmetry and thus precludes time-crystal behavior. We identify dephasing as the primary mechanism enforcing this symmetry, which can be suppressed by intercomponent phase correlations. Consequently, a sufficient condition for realizing a continuous time crystal is a nonlinear quantum self-sustaining system exhibiting quantum synchronization among its constituents. As a concrete example, we demonstrate spontaneous oscillations in a synchronized array of van der Pol oscillators, corroborated by both semiclassical dynamics and the quantum Liouville spectrum. These results reduce the identification of time crystals in many-body systems to the evaluation of only two-body correlations and provide a framework for classifying uncorrelated time crystals as trivial.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_20186
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A general interpretation of nonlinear connected time crystals: quantum self-sustaining combined with quantum synchronization
Li, Song-hai
Es'haqi-Sani, Najmeh
Li, Xingli
Li, Wenlin
Quantum Physics
Although classical nonlinear dynamics suggests that sufficiently strong nonlinearity can sustain oscillations, quantization of such model typically yields a time-independent steady state that respects time-translation symmetry and thus precludes time-crystal behavior. We identify dephasing as the primary mechanism enforcing this symmetry, which can be suppressed by intercomponent phase correlations. Consequently, a sufficient condition for realizing a continuous time crystal is a nonlinear quantum self-sustaining system exhibiting quantum synchronization among its constituents. As a concrete example, we demonstrate spontaneous oscillations in a synchronized array of van der Pol oscillators, corroborated by both semiclassical dynamics and the quantum Liouville spectrum. These results reduce the identification of time crystals in many-body systems to the evaluation of only two-body correlations and provide a framework for classifying uncorrelated time crystals as trivial.
title A general interpretation of nonlinear connected time crystals: quantum self-sustaining combined with quantum synchronization
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.20186