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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Todorova, Ana, Niven, Robert K., Kramer, Matthias
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.20258
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author Todorova, Ana
Niven, Robert K.
Kramer, Matthias
author_facet Todorova, Ana
Niven, Robert K.
Kramer, Matthias
contents This study investigates the clustering behaviour and surface distributions of buoyant particles at the air-water interface in open-channel turbulent flow, focusing on the interplay between capillary attraction, hydrodynamic drag, and flow-driven lateral transport. Using controlled laboratory flume experiments, we systematically examine clustering dynamics for two particle types differing in size and density. To interpret the observed behaviour, we extend capillary-based clustering frameworks to open-channel flows by introducing a dimensionless clustering Weber number (We_cl) that captures the balance between the flow-induced disruptive force and capillary attraction, providing a compact description of the observed clustering behaviour. In addition, we demonstrate that secondary currents play a central role in surface particle transport, producing systematic lateral accumulation that depends on channel aspect ratio. Together, these findings extend capillary-driven clustering theory to open-channel turbulence and reveal secondary currents as a key mechanism controlling particle surface distributions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_20258
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Clustering and surface distributions of buoyant particles in open-channel flows
Todorova, Ana
Niven, Robert K.
Kramer, Matthias
Fluid Dynamics
This study investigates the clustering behaviour and surface distributions of buoyant particles at the air-water interface in open-channel turbulent flow, focusing on the interplay between capillary attraction, hydrodynamic drag, and flow-driven lateral transport. Using controlled laboratory flume experiments, we systematically examine clustering dynamics for two particle types differing in size and density. To interpret the observed behaviour, we extend capillary-based clustering frameworks to open-channel flows by introducing a dimensionless clustering Weber number (We_cl) that captures the balance between the flow-induced disruptive force and capillary attraction, providing a compact description of the observed clustering behaviour. In addition, we demonstrate that secondary currents play a central role in surface particle transport, producing systematic lateral accumulation that depends on channel aspect ratio. Together, these findings extend capillary-driven clustering theory to open-channel turbulence and reveal secondary currents as a key mechanism controlling particle surface distributions.
title Clustering and surface distributions of buoyant particles in open-channel flows
topic Fluid Dynamics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.20258