Unsupervised Ensemble Learning Through Deep Energy-based Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Maymon, Ariel, Buznah, Yanir, Shaham, Uri
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Maymon, Ariel
Buznah, Yanir
Shaham, Uri
author_facet Maymon, Ariel
Buznah, Yanir
Shaham, Uri
contents Unsupervised ensemble learning emerged to address the challenge of combining multiple learners' predictions without access to ground truth labels or additional data. This paradigm is crucial in scenarios where evaluating individual classifier performance or understanding their strengths is challenging due to limited information. We propose a novel deep energy-based method for constructing an accurate meta-learner using only the predictions of individual learners, potentially capable of capturing complex dependence structures between them. Our approach requires no labeled data, learner features, or problem-specific information, and has theoretical guarantees for when learners are conditionally independent. We demonstrate superior performance across diverse ensemble scenarios, including challenging mixture of experts settings. Our experiments span standard ensemble datasets and curated datasets designed to test how the model fuses expertise from multiple sources. These results highlight the potential of unsupervised ensemble learning to harness collective intelligence, especially in data-scarce or privacy-sensitive environments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_20556
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Unsupervised Ensemble Learning Through Deep Energy-based Models
Maymon, Ariel
Buznah, Yanir
Shaham, Uri
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
68T05
Unsupervised ensemble learning emerged to address the challenge of combining multiple learners' predictions without access to ground truth labels or additional data. This paradigm is crucial in scenarios where evaluating individual classifier performance or understanding their strengths is challenging due to limited information. We propose a novel deep energy-based method for constructing an accurate meta-learner using only the predictions of individual learners, potentially capable of capturing complex dependence structures between them. Our approach requires no labeled data, learner features, or problem-specific information, and has theoretical guarantees for when learners are conditionally independent. We demonstrate superior performance across diverse ensemble scenarios, including challenging mixture of experts settings. Our experiments span standard ensemble datasets and curated datasets designed to test how the model fuses expertise from multiple sources. These results highlight the potential of unsupervised ensemble learning to harness collective intelligence, especially in data-scarce or privacy-sensitive environments.
title Unsupervised Ensemble Learning Through Deep Energy-based Models
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
68T05
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.20556