Thermal emission spectra of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33 b
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866912980686340096 |
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| author | Zou, Qianyi Zhai, Meng Wang, Wei Chen, Guo Palle, Enric Yan, Fei Teng, HuanYu Ouyang, Qinglin Shi, Yaqing Zhou, Li Jiang, Zewen Liu, Yujuan Henning, Thomas Crouzet, Nicolas Zhao, Gang |
| author_facet | Zou, Qianyi Zhai, Meng Wang, Wei Chen, Guo Palle, Enric Yan, Fei Teng, HuanYu Ouyang, Qinglin Shi, Yaqing Zhou, Li Jiang, Zewen Liu, Yujuan Henning, Thomas Crouzet, Nicolas Zhao, Gang |
| contents | Observations of exoplanetary atmospheres provide critical insights into their chemical composition, formation and evolution history. Ultra-hot Jupiters serve as excellent targets for atmospheric characterization; studies of these planets may yield key understanding of gas giant's formation and evolution history. We present a thermal emission study of WASP-33 b's dayside atmosphere, based on two secondary eclipse observations with CFHT/WIRCam in two specific narrow band filters, namely the CO and CH4$_{\rm on}$ filters, and archival data with HST/WFC3 and Spitzer. Stellar pulsations of the host star induce some quasi-periodic photometric variations, particularly in the CH4$_{\rm on}$ band, which are modelled and corrected in the high-precision differential light curves. An eclipse depth of $1565.2^{+228.6}_{-237.5}$ ppm and $914.3^{+56.1}_{-57.0}$ ppm is determined for the CO and CH4$_{\rm on}$ bands, respectively. Combined with HST/WFC3 and Spitzer data, our joint retrieval of WASP-33 b's dayside atmosphere reveals a high metallicity ([Fe/H] $= 1.52^{+0.35}_{-0.52}$), high C/O ratio (C/O $= 0.78^{+0.03}_{-0.04}$), and a thermal inversion layer, suggesting a formation history involving metal-rich gas accretion. We confirm the presence of the molecules H$_{2}$O, H$^{-}$ and CO, and report a tentative detection of TiO in the dayside atmosphere of WASP-33 b. Future higher precision observations with JWST may provide better understand constraints on the chemical abundances of oxygen and refractory element abundances to better WASP-33 b's formation and evolutionary pathway. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_21072 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Thermal emission spectra of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33 b Zou, Qianyi Zhai, Meng Wang, Wei Chen, Guo Palle, Enric Yan, Fei Teng, HuanYu Ouyang, Qinglin Shi, Yaqing Zhou, Li Jiang, Zewen Liu, Yujuan Henning, Thomas Crouzet, Nicolas Zhao, Gang Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Observations of exoplanetary atmospheres provide critical insights into their chemical composition, formation and evolution history. Ultra-hot Jupiters serve as excellent targets for atmospheric characterization; studies of these planets may yield key understanding of gas giant's formation and evolution history. We present a thermal emission study of WASP-33 b's dayside atmosphere, based on two secondary eclipse observations with CFHT/WIRCam in two specific narrow band filters, namely the CO and CH4$_{\rm on}$ filters, and archival data with HST/WFC3 and Spitzer. Stellar pulsations of the host star induce some quasi-periodic photometric variations, particularly in the CH4$_{\rm on}$ band, which are modelled and corrected in the high-precision differential light curves. An eclipse depth of $1565.2^{+228.6}_{-237.5}$ ppm and $914.3^{+56.1}_{-57.0}$ ppm is determined for the CO and CH4$_{\rm on}$ bands, respectively. Combined with HST/WFC3 and Spitzer data, our joint retrieval of WASP-33 b's dayside atmosphere reveals a high metallicity ([Fe/H] $= 1.52^{+0.35}_{-0.52}$), high C/O ratio (C/O $= 0.78^{+0.03}_{-0.04}$), and a thermal inversion layer, suggesting a formation history involving metal-rich gas accretion. We confirm the presence of the molecules H$_{2}$O, H$^{-}$ and CO, and report a tentative detection of TiO in the dayside atmosphere of WASP-33 b. Future higher precision observations with JWST may provide better understand constraints on the chemical abundances of oxygen and refractory element abundances to better WASP-33 b's formation and evolutionary pathway. |
| title | Thermal emission spectra of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33 b |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.21072 |