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Main Authors: Li, Liang, Wang, Yu, Geng, Jin-Jun, Huang, Yong-Feng, Cai, Rong-Gen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.21693
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author Li, Liang
Wang, Yu
Geng, Jin-Jun
Huang, Yong-Feng
Cai, Rong-Gen
author_facet Li, Liang
Wang, Yu
Geng, Jin-Jun
Huang, Yong-Feng
Cai, Rong-Gen
contents We present a systematic pulse-by-pulse analysis of 22 long-duration GRBs observed by \emph{Swift}, each exhibiting a well-separated precursor before the main burst. We compare duration, spectral hardness ratio, minimum variability timescale (MVT), and spectral lag between these components. Both precursors and main bursts have durations and hardness broadly consistent with Type II GRBs. However, precursors show longer MVTs (by factors of 3-10) and diverse lags with near-zero median values, while main bursts display variable MVTs and positive lags. These differences suggest precursors may originate from distinct dissipation conditions, possibly due to cocoon shock breakout or early magnetically dominated outflows. Despite temporal differences, both episodes are consistent with a single collapsar origin, providing no evidence for dual-progenitor events. Our findings support pulse-resolved classification and show that precursors offer critical insights into jet formation and pre-burst activity.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_21693
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Pulse-resolved Classification and Characteristics of Long-duration GRBs with \emph{Swift}-BAT Data.I. Precursors versus Main Bursts
Li, Liang
Wang, Yu
Geng, Jin-Jun
Huang, Yong-Feng
Cai, Rong-Gen
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
We present a systematic pulse-by-pulse analysis of 22 long-duration GRBs observed by \emph{Swift}, each exhibiting a well-separated precursor before the main burst. We compare duration, spectral hardness ratio, minimum variability timescale (MVT), and spectral lag between these components. Both precursors and main bursts have durations and hardness broadly consistent with Type II GRBs. However, precursors show longer MVTs (by factors of 3-10) and diverse lags with near-zero median values, while main bursts display variable MVTs and positive lags. These differences suggest precursors may originate from distinct dissipation conditions, possibly due to cocoon shock breakout or early magnetically dominated outflows. Despite temporal differences, both episodes are consistent with a single collapsar origin, providing no evidence for dual-progenitor events. Our findings support pulse-resolved classification and show that precursors offer critical insights into jet formation and pre-burst activity.
title Pulse-resolved Classification and Characteristics of Long-duration GRBs with \emph{Swift}-BAT Data.I. Precursors versus Main Bursts
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.21693