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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Caldas, Francisco, Kumar, Sahil, Soares, Cláudia
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.21812
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author Caldas, Francisco
Kumar, Sahil
Soares, Cláudia
author_facet Caldas, Francisco
Kumar, Sahil
Soares, Cláudia
contents We introduce a model-agnostic forward diffusion process for time-series forecasting that decomposes signals into spectral components, preserving structured temporal patterns such as seasonality more effectively than standard diffusion. Unlike prior work that modifies the network architecture or diffuses directly in the frequency domain, our proposed method alters only the diffusion process itself, making it compatible with existing diffusion backbones (e.g., DiffWave, TimeGrad, CSDI). By staging noise injection according to component energy, it maintains high signal-to-noise ratios for dominant frequencies throughout the diffusion trajectory, thereby improving the recoverability of long-term patterns. This strategy enables the model to maintain the signal structure for a longer period in the forward process, leading to improved forecast quality. Across standard forecasting benchmarks, we show that applying spectral decomposition strategies, such as the Fourier or Wavelet transform, consistently improves upon diffusion models using the baseline forward process, with negligible computational overhead. The code for this paper is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/D-FDP-4A29.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_21812
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Decomposable Forward Process in Diffusion Models for Time-Series Forecasting
Caldas, Francisco
Kumar, Sahil
Soares, Cláudia
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
We introduce a model-agnostic forward diffusion process for time-series forecasting that decomposes signals into spectral components, preserving structured temporal patterns such as seasonality more effectively than standard diffusion. Unlike prior work that modifies the network architecture or diffuses directly in the frequency domain, our proposed method alters only the diffusion process itself, making it compatible with existing diffusion backbones (e.g., DiffWave, TimeGrad, CSDI). By staging noise injection according to component energy, it maintains high signal-to-noise ratios for dominant frequencies throughout the diffusion trajectory, thereby improving the recoverability of long-term patterns. This strategy enables the model to maintain the signal structure for a longer period in the forward process, leading to improved forecast quality. Across standard forecasting benchmarks, we show that applying spectral decomposition strategies, such as the Fourier or Wavelet transform, consistently improves upon diffusion models using the baseline forward process, with negligible computational overhead. The code for this paper is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/D-FDP-4A29.
title A Decomposable Forward Process in Diffusion Models for Time-Series Forecasting
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.21812