READY: Reward Discovery for Meta-Black-Box Optimization

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Huang, Zechuan, Cao, Zhiguang, Guo, Hongshu, Gong, Yue-Jiao, Ma, Zeyuan
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Huang, Zechuan
Cao, Zhiguang
Guo, Hongshu
Gong, Yue-Jiao
Ma, Zeyuan
author_facet Huang, Zechuan
Cao, Zhiguang
Guo, Hongshu
Gong, Yue-Jiao
Ma, Zeyuan
contents Meta-Black-Box Optimization (MetaBBO) is an emerging avenue within Optimization community, where algorithm design policy could be meta-learned by reinforcement learning to enhance optimization performance. So far, the reward functions in existing MetaBBO works are designed by human experts, introducing certain design bias and risks of reward hacking. In this paper, we use Large Language Model~(LLM) as an automated reward discovery tool for MetaBBO. Specifically, we consider both effectiveness and efficiency sides. On effectiveness side, we borrow the idea of evolution of heuristics, introducing tailored evolution paradigm in the iterative LLM-based program search process, which ensures continuous improvement. On efficiency side, we additionally introduce multi-task evolution architecture to support parallel reward discovery for diverse MetaBBO approaches. Such parallel process also benefits from knowledge sharing across tasks to accelerate convergence. Empirical results demonstrate that the reward functions discovered by our approach could be helpful for boosting existing MetaBBO works, underscoring the importance of reward design in MetaBBO. We provide READY's project at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/ICML_READY-747F.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_21847
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle READY: Reward Discovery for Meta-Black-Box Optimization
Huang, Zechuan
Cao, Zhiguang
Guo, Hongshu
Gong, Yue-Jiao
Ma, Zeyuan
Machine Learning
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
Meta-Black-Box Optimization (MetaBBO) is an emerging avenue within Optimization community, where algorithm design policy could be meta-learned by reinforcement learning to enhance optimization performance. So far, the reward functions in existing MetaBBO works are designed by human experts, introducing certain design bias and risks of reward hacking. In this paper, we use Large Language Model~(LLM) as an automated reward discovery tool for MetaBBO. Specifically, we consider both effectiveness and efficiency sides. On effectiveness side, we borrow the idea of evolution of heuristics, introducing tailored evolution paradigm in the iterative LLM-based program search process, which ensures continuous improvement. On efficiency side, we additionally introduce multi-task evolution architecture to support parallel reward discovery for diverse MetaBBO approaches. Such parallel process also benefits from knowledge sharing across tasks to accelerate convergence. Empirical results demonstrate that the reward functions discovered by our approach could be helpful for boosting existing MetaBBO works, underscoring the importance of reward design in MetaBBO. We provide READY's project at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/ICML_READY-747F.
title READY: Reward Discovery for Meta-Black-Box Optimization
topic Machine Learning
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.21847