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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22667 |
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| _version_ | 1866917234437259264 |
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| author | Zhang, Chi Li, Zehan Zhong, Ziqian Ma, Haibing Xiao, Dan Lin, Chen Dong, Ming |
| author_facet | Zhang, Chi Li, Zehan Zhong, Ziqian Ma, Haibing Xiao, Dan Lin, Chen Dong, Ming |
| contents | This paper examines the organizational implications of Generative AI adoption in software engineering through a multiple-case comparative study. We contrast two development environments: a traditional enterprise (brownfield) and an AI-native startup (greenfield). Our analysis reveals that transitioning from Horizontal Layering (functional specialization) to Vertical Integration (end-to-end ownership) yields 8-fold to 33-fold reductions in resource consumption. We attribute these gains to the emergence of Super Employees, AI-augmented engineers who span traditional role boundaries, and the elimination of inter-functional coordination overhead. Theoretically, we propose Human-AI Collaboration Efficacy as the primary optimization target for engineering organizations, supplanting individual productivity metrics. Our Total Factor Productivity analysis identifies an AI Distortion Effect that diminishes returns to labor scale while amplifying technological leverage. We conclude with managerial strategies for organizational redesign, including the reactivation of idle cognitive bandwidth in senior engineers and the suppression of blind scale expansion. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_22667 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | From Horizontal Layering to Vertical Integration: A Comparative Study of the AI-Driven Software Development Paradigm Zhang, Chi Li, Zehan Zhong, Ziqian Ma, Haibing Xiao, Dan Lin, Chen Dong, Ming Software Engineering Artificial Intelligence This paper examines the organizational implications of Generative AI adoption in software engineering through a multiple-case comparative study. We contrast two development environments: a traditional enterprise (brownfield) and an AI-native startup (greenfield). Our analysis reveals that transitioning from Horizontal Layering (functional specialization) to Vertical Integration (end-to-end ownership) yields 8-fold to 33-fold reductions in resource consumption. We attribute these gains to the emergence of Super Employees, AI-augmented engineers who span traditional role boundaries, and the elimination of inter-functional coordination overhead. Theoretically, we propose Human-AI Collaboration Efficacy as the primary optimization target for engineering organizations, supplanting individual productivity metrics. Our Total Factor Productivity analysis identifies an AI Distortion Effect that diminishes returns to labor scale while amplifying technological leverage. We conclude with managerial strategies for organizational redesign, including the reactivation of idle cognitive bandwidth in senior engineers and the suppression of blind scale expansion. |
| title | From Horizontal Layering to Vertical Integration: A Comparative Study of the AI-Driven Software Development Paradigm |
| topic | Software Engineering Artificial Intelligence |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22667 |