Supernova Rates and Luminosity Functions from ASAS-SN III: Over a Decade of Type Ia SNe and Their Subtypes
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Desai, Dhvanil D. Shappee, Benjamin J. Kochanek, Christopher S. Stanek, Krzysztof Z. Ashall, Chris Beacom, John F. Burns, Christopher R. Do, Aaron Dong, Subo Hoogendam, Willem B. Lu, Jing Pessi, Thallis Prieto, Jose L. Thompson, Todd A. |
| author_facet | Desai, Dhvanil D. Shappee, Benjamin J. Kochanek, Christopher S. Stanek, Krzysztof Z. Ashall, Chris Beacom, John F. Burns, Christopher R. Do, Aaron Dong, Subo Hoogendam, Willem B. Lu, Jing Pessi, Thallis Prieto, Jose L. Thompson, Todd A. |
| contents | We present volumetric rates and luminosity functions (LFs) of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN), covering the 11-year period from 2014 to 2024. By combining the 2014--2017 $V$-band sample with the 2018--2024 $g$-band sample, we construct a large statistical dataset of $1776$ SNe Ia. We compute completeness corrections based on injection-recovery simulations of the ASAS-SN light curves, taking into account the variations in light curve shapes. For our standard sample ($M_{g,\mathrm{peak}}<-16.0$ mag), we extract a total volumetric SN Ia rate of $R_{\mathrm{tot}} = (2.55 \pm 0.12) \times 10^4\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}\,\mathrm{Gpc}^{-3}\,h_{70}^3$ at a median redshift of $z=0.029$. With a statistical uncertainty of $4.7\%$, this is the most precise local measurement to date. While the "normal" SNe Ia account for $(92.7 \pm 1.9)\%$ of this rate, the total LF reveals immense diversity, with $M_{g,\mathrm{peak}}$ spanning over five magnitudes. The LF of SNe Iax is also broad and rises toward lower luminosities, resulting in a likely lower limit of $(4.3 \pm 1.8)\%$ of the total rate. We place strong constraints on the rate of SNe Ia-CSM, finding they account for only $(0.036 \pm 0.017)\%$ of the total local rate. Finally, we find that the low-luminosity 02es-like SNe are $7 \pm 5$ times more common than the luminous 03fg-like SNe. This places demographic constraints on models proposing a physical continuum for these two subtypes, implying that any common channel for the two classes must strongly favor lower-luminosity explosions. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_00223 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Supernova Rates and Luminosity Functions from ASAS-SN III: Over a Decade of Type Ia SNe and Their Subtypes Desai, Dhvanil D. Shappee, Benjamin J. Kochanek, Christopher S. Stanek, Krzysztof Z. Ashall, Chris Beacom, John F. Burns, Christopher R. Do, Aaron Dong, Subo Hoogendam, Willem B. Lu, Jing Pessi, Thallis Prieto, Jose L. Thompson, Todd A. High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We present volumetric rates and luminosity functions (LFs) of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN), covering the 11-year period from 2014 to 2024. By combining the 2014--2017 $V$-band sample with the 2018--2024 $g$-band sample, we construct a large statistical dataset of $1776$ SNe Ia. We compute completeness corrections based on injection-recovery simulations of the ASAS-SN light curves, taking into account the variations in light curve shapes. For our standard sample ($M_{g,\mathrm{peak}}<-16.0$ mag), we extract a total volumetric SN Ia rate of $R_{\mathrm{tot}} = (2.55 \pm 0.12) \times 10^4\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}\,\mathrm{Gpc}^{-3}\,h_{70}^3$ at a median redshift of $z=0.029$. With a statistical uncertainty of $4.7\%$, this is the most precise local measurement to date. While the "normal" SNe Ia account for $(92.7 \pm 1.9)\%$ of this rate, the total LF reveals immense diversity, with $M_{g,\mathrm{peak}}$ spanning over five magnitudes. The LF of SNe Iax is also broad and rises toward lower luminosities, resulting in a likely lower limit of $(4.3 \pm 1.8)\%$ of the total rate. We place strong constraints on the rate of SNe Ia-CSM, finding they account for only $(0.036 \pm 0.017)\%$ of the total local rate. Finally, we find that the low-luminosity 02es-like SNe are $7 \pm 5$ times more common than the luminous 03fg-like SNe. This places demographic constraints on models proposing a physical continuum for these two subtypes, implying that any common channel for the two classes must strongly favor lower-luminosity explosions. |
| title | Supernova Rates and Luminosity Functions from ASAS-SN III: Over a Decade of Type Ia SNe and Their Subtypes |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00223 |