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Auteurs principaux: Gandhi, Deep, Singh, Katyani, Hegde, Nidhi
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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Accès en ligne:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00405
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author Gandhi, Deep
Singh, Katyani
Hegde, Nidhi
author_facet Gandhi, Deep
Singh, Katyani
Hegde, Nidhi
contents Pretrained language models have been shown to exhibit biases and social stereotypes. Prior work on debiasing these models has largely focused on modifying embedding spaces during pretraining, which is not scalable for large models. Fine-tuning pretrained models on task-specific datasets can both degrade model performance and amplify biases present in the fine-tuning data. We address bias amplification during fine-tuning rather than costly pretraining, focusing on BERT models due to their widespread use in language understanding tasks. While Empirical Risk Minimization effectively optimizes downstream performance, it often amplifies social biases during fine-tuning. To counter this, we propose \textit{RobustDebias}, a novel mechanism which adapts Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) to debias language models during fine-tuning. Our approach debiases models across multiple demographics during MLM fine-tuning and generalizes to any dataset or task. Extensive experiments on various language models show significant bias mitigation with minimal performance impact.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_00405
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle RobustDebias: Debiasing Language Models using Distributionally Robust Optimization
Gandhi, Deep
Singh, Katyani
Hegde, Nidhi
Artificial Intelligence
Pretrained language models have been shown to exhibit biases and social stereotypes. Prior work on debiasing these models has largely focused on modifying embedding spaces during pretraining, which is not scalable for large models. Fine-tuning pretrained models on task-specific datasets can both degrade model performance and amplify biases present in the fine-tuning data. We address bias amplification during fine-tuning rather than costly pretraining, focusing on BERT models due to their widespread use in language understanding tasks. While Empirical Risk Minimization effectively optimizes downstream performance, it often amplifies social biases during fine-tuning. To counter this, we propose \textit{RobustDebias}, a novel mechanism which adapts Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) to debias language models during fine-tuning. Our approach debiases models across multiple demographics during MLM fine-tuning and generalizes to any dataset or task. Extensive experiments on various language models show significant bias mitigation with minimal performance impact.
title RobustDebias: Debiasing Language Models using Distributionally Robust Optimization
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00405